Cephalohematoma on the head of a newborn. Consequences after birth, photo, what it is. Causes, treatment, rehabilitation at home

Cephalohematoma on the head of the newborn is related to one of the rare injury, statistically falling to 5 out of 1,000 babies. Generic process, though the most natural phenomenon in the world, however, it is also the most stressful for both mother and child. Often it gives birth complications and injuries on both sides.

What is cephalohematoma?

Cephalohematoma this type of bleeding in the tissues of the skull of the newborn who has had a birth trauma. During the passage through the birth canal the baby's skull, which is not yet a full-fledged hard bone, tapers and stretches.

As a result, excessive kinked periosteum stretched together with the scalp, blood vessels located at the site of the pressure burst, causing bleeding.

Blood on the rupture site does not collapse due to lack of sufficient number of platelets in the body of the child, and continues to accumulate, filling the space between nakostnitsey and bone. Volume accumulated blood can vary from 5 to 150 ml.

Why do infants appears cephalohematoma?

Causes of kefalogematomy associated with the process of childbirth and newborn feature of the structure of the body. Injury itself may be triggered by a variety of reasons from the outside as the fault of the doctors, and the fault of the mother.

Medical factor is related to the intervention in childbirth, when doctors, to help maternity, use tools to help to get the baby, if it gets stuck in the birth canal, or births are difficult for the mother, and must intervene doctors. In modern practice tools such as forceps and vacuum extraction are not used.

Cephalohematoma on the head of a newborn, the consequences of which causes a number of diseases in the future, It becomes the result of several factors related to the mother's condition and peculiarities of its body.

In some cases, a woman (as a rule, it is only 7% of women) has a natural structure of the pelvis, which is not wide enough for the passage of the child is considered to be an anomaly, in such cases it is best to do a cesarean section to prevent the risk of injury baby.

If a woman before birth suffered any pelvic injury that provoked not correct splicing bones, if there were fractures, thereby appearing exostosis, that is, an excessive build-up of cartilage at the site of fracture or fracture. And when bone disease where bone rhyme brittle or too hard, it also affects their natural expansion during childbirth.

Another factor is the lack of elasticity of the uterus. This may be due to the age of mothers, when with age in women decreased ovarian activity, in connection with the hormonal disorders or abatement natural hormonal activity, which makes the loss of elasticity of the uterus and effect vagina.

Features mother and child physiology

In some cases, complications are the result of disease, and physiology of the mother, the fetus that provoke the following changes:

Maternal diabetes, which causes enlargement of the fruit	gestational period in a woman suffering from diabetes, in connection with non correct operation of the pancreas, insulin loses blood which outputs excess sugar their organism. In response to this, the child's pancreas begins to produce excessive amounts of insulin, compensating the lack of mother's insulin. In this connection, the extra sugar, not processed mother's body transferred to the child, and his insulin converts it into the subcutaneous fat, the child begins to gain weight, this is called diabetic fetopathy. As a consequence, a large child stuck in the birth canal that provokes injuries
Do not correct the position of the fetus, previa	child "is" not head forward, and other parts of the body, depending on the type of presentation. Reasons for improper fetal position can be very different, ranging from maternal diseases such as uterine fibroids, ovarian tumors, ending the existence of previous abortion, uterine scarring, etc.
prematurity	trauma provoke not sufficiently developed dice baby's head
postmaturity	overdeveloped child's bones, excessive ossification of the skull, not giving head to stretch during birth
Physiological feature of mother's pelvic structure	does not fit the child's skull

Individual features of pregnancy and childbirth

The risk for the occurrence of birth defects can become the individual characteristics of women during pregnancy. These factors lead to complications of prolonged type or fetal prematurity.

In the former case, the reason may be a variety of diseases that woman suffered earlier in child age, such as measles, rubella, mumps and other influencing, in the future, to complications during pregnancy. Furthermore, if the woman was ill with diabetes or thyroid disorders, liver or the digestive tract. All this provokes a hormonal imbalance.

Prolonged child due to underdevelopment of the uterus, that is, its inertness, sexual infantilism, decreased excitability, inflammation genital organs, uterine tumors and other diseases affecting the neuromuscular regulation of the uterus when the queen refuses to push fetus.

Further, the closer to leave, when the time has already exceeded 280 days, reduced the level of amniotic fluid, compressed wall of the uterus. At the same time, the fetus continues to develop in the womb, his bones continue to grow stronger, and natural childbirth are dangerous, both for the mother and for the child.

In some cases, when there is a risk of miscarriage, doctors resort to medical intervention that deliberately It seals the wall of the uterus, which, in consequence, also requires the intervention of medical care in the birth process, to "let go" uterus. Such medical intervention during pregnancy also poses a risk of prolonged pregnancy.

In the case of aborted fetus, the risk of injury may be due to breech. Early births are caused by polyhydramnios, which provokes earlier permission from pregnancy until the child is fully formed and ready for birth.

If previa child comes out of the uterus is not the head and legs, or buttocks forward. The fact that the baby's head is the widest part of the body, and going first, it extends way into the uterus for going out of the body.

In case of wrong fetal position when the first leaves the whole body, and then the head, then the head, as the wide body can be clamped muscles output that provokes tribal injury.

diseases of the blood

Cephalohematoma on the head of a newborn, the consequences of which is another factor that is associated with the mother's condition, which had a blood disease in different periods of his life. The result of a difficult birth may be an increase in the infant skull due to cerebral edema or hydrocephalus.

Congenital hydrocephalus is acquired from infectious diseases acquired by mother during pregnancy or prior to conception, but continues during the period of pregnancy. Such diseases include measles, mumps, herpes, syphilis, acute respiratory viral infection, toxoplasmosis, tsitamegalovirusnaya infection, mycoplasmosis.

baby's skull is made up of individual parts, which are fused in the child's adolescence. In the case of hydrocephalus in the brain accumulates a large amount of liquid, which prevents these particles to coalesce the skull, the skull resulting in growing to large sizes. Hydrocephalus is diagnosed after birth, but is acquired during pregnancy.

Age of mother

Various risks are difficult birth and pregnancy complications falls on women who have decided to become a mother after 30 years. The greater the age of the woman, the greater the risk of gestational diabetes, which is due to the weight of the fetus being consolidated.

For 45 years increased risk (with 0.08% to 5% in contrast to 25 year old women in childbirth) genetic defects associated with aging of the reproductive cells, that can cause a variety of congenital illness of a child, including birth hydrocephalus.

The likelihood of miscarriage in the 30-year-old women increased by 10%, to 39 years increases the risk by 17%, after 45 years, the risk of miscarriage increases to 33%.

According to this, many pregnant women age spend their life on keeping with the inclusion of the conservation program medical intervention, by which sealed the uterine wall, do not allow to happen prematurely pregnancy. However, during birth this manipulation increases the risk of injury of the child.

With age there is a decrease in the natural elasticity of the uterine tissues, and the lubricant, which greatly complicates the delivery. The child goes through the birth canal difficult and painful, increasing the chances of a birth trauma of the skull.

In this regard, 40% of women have their first child after 35 years prescribed caesarean section. After 40 years, the statistics already covers 47% of women giving birth with the help of surgery.

Cephalohematoma or generic tumor?

Kefalogematomy Furthermore, there is another post-partum trauma similar nature, which can be mistaken for cephalhaematoma. This is a generic tumor.

Generic tumor kefalogematomy different from those that may occur not only on the child's head, but on the buttock, leg or child in the crotch area, depending on how the situation forward, he I was born. Generic tumor is the result of soft tissue kinked hindered resulting output of the womb.

Reasons generic tumors can be connected with:

• fetal presentation;
• does not correspond to the width of the mother's pelvis and the baby's body volume;
• premature birth;
• Prolonged fetus;
• protracted time delivery;
• weak muscle tone, responsible for the expulsion of the baby;
• lack of oxygen to the baby during delivery.

Swelling on scalp - is accumulated blood and lymph under the skin, feels like dough, which resolves within three days. As we can see, the causes of cancer are similar to generic causes kefalogematomy only generic the tumor is, in fact, a bruise, and cephalohematoma is vascular damage, which, of course, serious generic tumor.

types cephalhaematoma

Cephalohematoma on the head of a newborn, the consequences of which have different types of further rehabilitation in diagnosis being classed in diameter, according to the degree of injury and at the location on the head baby. Locally hematoma can be placed on the crown of the skull, in the frontal, temporal and occipital parts.

As for the size of the hematoma, there are three levels:

• Grade I corresponds to a diameter of 4 cm hematoma;
• Grade II corresponds to a diameter of 4.1 to 8 cm;
• III degree corresponds to a diameter of greater than 8 cm.

According to the degree of injury is cephalohematoma:

• in combination with a fractured skull;
• penetration into the brain, which is defined as the swelling of the brain;
• hematoma combined with neurological symptoms.

Possible consequences

Cephalohematoma on the head of the newborn, the consequences of which, in most cases, can be treated successfully, still have a number of complications. When the diagnosis is wrong, the wrong time, or the state of health of the child was sub-optimal, to cope with the injury without consequences. In such cases, complications occur that are treatable or not be.

As a result of blood loss, a child may be diagnosed with anemia, ie, reduction of hemoglobin in the blood. In the case of penetration of the blood in the hematoma located in surrounding tissue, decomposition products accumulated blood, fall into the main blood flow, causing disease gospel, or, in a national, jaundice.

If the hematoma does not resolve naturally, over time the contents of the hematoma hardens, turning into bone spurs, and will forever remain in the skull, changing its shape. This bump in consequence, can only be removed surgically.

The consequences of that can not be a complete cure, applies acquired children cerebral palsy, general lag in the development of the child, neuralgia, as well as, in general, weak child health.

It is also worth adding that the complications are possible even in the postoperative period. The operation for suctioning blood accumulated in the hematoma is not dangerous, it is important to maintain good personal hygiene measures in the period after the operation, and to prevent suppuration and blood poisoning.

Treatment

Before treatment to determine kefalogematomy, to begin to establish the extent of the injury. Depending on the degree of injury is assigned to appropriate therapy. If diagnosed first or second degree, i.e. hematoma volume does not exceed 8 cm, then the operation of pumping the accumulated blood is required, it resolves itself within 2-8 weeks.

At this time the need for child supervision. Because the blood of the child, up to a certain age, not enough of the enzyme responsible for the clotting of blood, then some time cephalohematoma touch will resemble dough. During resorption, its volume gradually decrease.

For a quick recovery of damaged blood vessels, can be attributed to vitamin K for the period of 3-5 days, strengthens blood vessels, reducing bleeding, helping the body to blood coagulation.

Conservative treatment

Cephalohematoma III degree treated paths pumping blood accumulated in the mind of a child with a punctureThat does not have serious consequences. At the time of the puncture needle is inserted of the hematoma, which was aspirated blood. painful procedure, as anesthesia, thus, not used. Due to poor blood clotting, may need to re-puncture.

The procedure is also prescribed in the identification of small diameter hematoma if within 3 weeks she was not resorbed independently. Also, when observing the behavior of hematoma, if noticed that the edges began to thicken, appoint a puncture to prevent the process of ossification.

Surgery

Surgical treatment is prescribed only when ossification occurred, that is, during the solidification of tissue. When cephalohematoma refuses resolve naturally, the liquid inside it solidifies, turning into bone buildup, which deforms the skull.

In this case, the surgery is performed by excision of the buildup. In the rehabilitation period, the child is under the control of the surgeon.

Specificity of childcare

Cephalohematoma on the head of a newborn needs special care for the child. Not recommended baby rocking, it should be provided with a complete rest, and daily medical supervision.

If the baby had surgery, there is always the risk of recurrent effusions on this, the mother should also refrain from rocking the baby for 6 months. If there were neurological complications from affecting areas of the brain, after the rehabilitation of the child's development should follow a neurologist.

Author: Gertrude Johnson

Registration of the article: Mila Friedan

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