Norm of red blood cells in the blood of women after 40-50-60 years. Table age, causes subsidence of what it means

Blood - liquid system of the body, which is composed of plasma and formed elements. A healthy person has 65-70% of the plasma and 40-45% of formed elements. In the blood plasma enters the water (90%), dissolved therein proteins (7-9%) and other beneficial minerals and organic compounds necessary for the body (1%).

Most of the proteins - globulins, albumin, and the first clotting factor (fibrinogen). Organic compounds - is glucose and lipids, vitamin complexes, hormonal substances, cell metabolism products and ions. Along with the liquid portion of the plasma and it is part of a gas - oxygen and carbon dioxide, which is also available in small quantities.

Formed elements - erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes. Leukocytes - white blood cells involved in the immune response of the organism to the pathological changes which produce specific antibodies in response to the penetration of the pathogen. Normally, leukocytes less than other formed elements, but during inflammatory reactions, their amount increases.

Platelets and red blood cells - the "red" of the blood. Platelets are cells that provide blood coagulation ability (a big role for bleeding). In another part of red blood cells - delivery of the very gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide), which is in the plasma due to its "disk-shaped" form in the cells and back.

What is the red blood cells and its function in the body

Red blood cells - the iron-containing blood proteins (hemoglobin), is actively involved in metabolism.

Depending on the amount of hemoglobin recovered:

1. RedSaturated hemoglobin, erythrocyte, biconcave shape with a diameter of 7-9 microns. These red blood cells circulating in the blood.
   
2. colorlessShapeless or ring-shaped red blood cells that do not have in their composition of hemoglobin. Its output from erythrocyte associated with pathological conditions in the urinary system (urinary stasis erythrocytes and the like)

Due to its small size and flexibility, the red blood cell is able to pass freely through the capillary network (vessels of small diameter) and their special shape - the presence of a nucleus and a large surface area, improves gas exchange.

Around 2.2 million. red blood cells formed in the bone marrow every second person. The lifespan of a red blood cell ranges from 100 to 120 days. The process of dying (hemolysis) an erythrocyte flowing in the spleen and liver.

The main function of red blood cells in the body:

• providing oxygen to all cells and tissues;
• providing specificity for blood group antigens;
• effect on acid-base balance and osmotic pressure.

Function erythrocytes: transport of oxygen into cells and carbon dioxide from the cells is due to hemoglobin. Ferrous iron in this protein binds reversibly with oxygen to form a compound - oxyhemoglobin: O2 + Hb <=> HbO2

Reception and CO2 output occurs via carbonic anhydrase - an enzyme found in the cytoplasm of the erythrocyte. On this basis, we can conclude that the red blood cell involved in many chemical reactions, carrying out gas exchange in the blood.

How and under what conditions produced red blood cells

red blood cells in the blood of the norm for women and men is produced in the bone marrow (ribs, sternum, skull and spine) in adults, in children - in the long bones of the upper and lower limbs. Before you go out into the bloodstream, through the stage of formation of red blood cells and differentiation - erythropoiesis.

For the full formation of erythrocyte iron and vitamins required - installation of "heme" in erythrocyte structure. To improve erythropoiesis also important copper, which promotes absorption of iron in the intestine.

Cell - the ancestor - pluripotent stem cells provides an initial cell myelopoiesis (CFU-GEMM), which, in turn, gives the growth and development of cell unipotent (CFU-E). Unipotent cell is a colony-forming units of erythropoiesis in the system, giving rise to erythroblasts.

The sequence of the erythrocyte formation:

1. erythroblast It is a basic cell in the blood system of erythropoiesis, a diameter of 20 .mu.m, with a fragmented nucleus with jagged edges ( "bulging"), with dark cytoplasm. Around the core layer has a bleaching - "perinuklernoe space".
2. proerythroblast - cell diameter 10-15 microns. Cytoplasmic brightens. "Perinuclear space" increases in size.
3. basophilic normotsit - a slight decrease in the size of the primary cells. The nucleus of rounded shape becomes oval.
4. polychromatic proeritrotsit - a cell diameter of 9-11 microns in the cytoplasm appears hemoglobin. cytoplasm color changed. The kernel is stored, but there are changes in the nucleus.
5. oxyphilous proeritrotsit - the core is shifted to the periphery of the cell. Diameter slightly reduced.
6. reticulocyte - cell diameter 7-8 microns. It has a similar structure to the mature red blood cells. The center celebrated enlightenment - zone cells thinning. Form reticulocyte becomes "discoid".
7. mature erythrocytes - 7- dimeter 8 microns without nucleus and DNA.

hemoglobin accumulation occurs already at the stage of unipotent cells, i.e., from the beginning of erythropoiesis. Maximum concentration of hemoglobin in the step of forming the erythrocyte is observed in case of polychromatic proeritrotsita (change color cause cytoplasm). The nucleus disappears at the end of the formation of a mature red blood cell.

Table erythrocytes in normal

Norm of red blood cells in the blood of women and men based on hemoglobin and white blood cells:

Indicator	men	Among women
Erythrocyte	4.5-5 * 1012 / l	3.5-4.5 1012 / l
Hemoglobin	130-170 g / l	120-140 g / l
Leukocyte	4-9 * 109 / L

The physiological rate of erythrocytes men should always be higher than that of women. Since the packed red blood cells above the hemoglobin levels will also be higher.

Indicators of red blood cells by age category:

Age	Normal red blood cells (1012 / L)
13-18 years	3.9 – 5.5
18-24 years	4.2 – 5.8
25-30 years	3.6 – 5.5
30-40 years	4.0 – 5.5
40-50 years	4.0 – 5.8
50-65 years	3.8 – 5.5
Over 65 years	3.0 – 5.4

Age was chosen taking into account the physiological changes in the process of development and formation of the person.

The men celebrated persistence rates of red blood cells, while the girls have some deviations in the background: pregnancy, hormonal, blood loss during menstruation. Changes in hemoglobin and red blood cell mass may vary and against various diseases.

Symptoms of high and low levels of red blood cells

Increase or decrease the number of red blood cell mass with an accuracy will only CBC. But in the prehospital phase, a symptom of increasing or lowering the level of red blood cells can be suspected, referring to a number of indirect clinical signs.

Symptomatology elevated red blood cells (polycythemia): fatigue, somnolence, skin moisture. It noted the intolerable itching after bathing, showering. People suffering from polycythemia often irritable and difficult to contact. Severe polycythemia accompanied by impaired vision, pain in the muscles of the chest.

These patients suffer from hypertension. With minor level climbs erythrocytes clinic can be erased or absent.

Symptomatology low levels of erythrocytes - anemia depends on the cause of its occurrence (disease or physiological loss) and severity. With low red cell levels fall the clinical picture may be missing. When moderate or severe severity observed: headache, dizziness, often accompanied by fainting.

Blood pressure drops in these patients (depending on the speed of fall of erythrocytes and disease progression). Skin and mucous membranes pale. Often, anemia is a consequence of massive blood loss (in wounds, during pregnancy), or can be an independent disease (genetic predisposition).

In people with a genetic predisposition to the development of anemia, enlarged spleen is noted that, normally, it is difficult to palpate. The cardiovascular system observed palpitations (tachycardia), hypotension.

The reasons for increases and decreases in red blood cells

As noted above, the cause of anemia or polycythemia can be physiological or pathological changes in the organism.

Physiological processes in the human body - a strong emotional stress, heavy physical labor (athletes), dehydration or environmental influences (mountain people). Also to physiological changes of red blood cells may include pregnancy, menstruation in girls and women.

Pathological changes may be associated with a violation of hematopoiesis in bone marrow, where the sequence of formation proeritrotsita in the mature erythrocyte is not observed or is retained but marked uncontrolled growth of blood cells of different form.

Diseases caused by raising the level of red blood cells:

1. Vakeza disease or erythremia - damage due to bone marrow cancer. The blood will be identified erythrocytes irregular in shape and in a large quantity, but also increase the level of platelets and leukocytes.
   
2. Liver and SpleenAs red blood cells utilizing organs. Various infectious and noninfectious diseases of the liver and spleen disrupt the structure of these organs, and accordingly their function. Number of old red blood cells increases in the blood stream, and the number of the young continues to form.
3. pulmonary disease - occurrence erythrocytosis, due to insufficient supply of oxygen in the blood (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tumor processes, smoking).
4. Malignant tumors of organs and systems (Especially bone, liver, spleen, kidneys).
5. Pickwick syndrome (Triad of obesity, hypertension and pulmonary insufficiency).

Diseases caused by lowering the level of red blood cells are often associated with abundant hemorrhage. Profuse blood loss caused by reduced blood clotting.

Medical experts distinguish these states:

• hemolytic change;
• kidney disease (pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, tumors, glomerulonephritis);
• Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis;
• parasitic infestation;
• surgeries different nature;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• blood disorders (coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia);
• vitamin deficiencies;
• blood anemia.

Reduced red blood cells are often found in children can be due to:

• poor nutrition;
• prematurity;
• congenital diseases.

Diseases that affect the hematopoietic system and the rate of formation of blood cells:

• malignant neoplasms;
• use of certain drugs (overdose);
• autoimmune reactions;
• a weak immune response (particularly HIV, AIDS).

Indications for the study of red blood cells

Norm of red blood cells in the blood of women, its definition using clinical blood tests, a doctor may be appointed under dubious clinical or preventive examinations (once a year).

Any disease marked change in blood parameters such as clinical analysis, and in biochemistry. Focusing on the pathological changes of parameters, the doctor may put a preliminary diagnosis and narrow down the etiological factor. The first physician to be faced by the patient, will be primary care physician, who will conduct an appropriate examination of blood.

In identifying the possible reasons for the decline of red blood cells, primary care physician can direct the patient for consultation with a specialist (for example, if the cause of the lungs - a pulmonary consultation and etc.).

How to determine the level of red blood cells

Determination of the level of red blood cells is performed during the clinical blood analyzes. Complete blood analysis can show hemoglobin levels, red blood cells, white blood cell count, and further to determine the erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

The doctor may ask the laboratory to find out only some of its parameters of interest, noting it in the direction. This significantly reduces the time of diagnosis.

Preparing and conducting the analysis of the level of red blood cells

Preparing the patient for blood sampling in the clinical analysis:

• 4 hours prior to blood collection do not use other than water;
• no physical exertion during this time period;
• avoid stress;
• temporarily stop taking the drugs.

This is to ensure that the blood count showed a more precise level of red blood cells. Manipulation of the blood shall be taken to carry out a nurse. Typically, for analysis is taken venous (vein) or capillary blood (of the finger). The latter option is relegated to the background, as venous blood is the most informative.

Before collecting blood, superimposed venous tourniquet above the injection site. Nurse treated the proposed site with rubbing alcohol twice from the center to the periphery. Taken 2 ml of venous blood, after which the patient is released from the sandwiched wool. A nurse fills in a special test tube blood typed and sent to the laboratory.

Explanation erythrocyte level analysis results

Laboratory outputs the result after 1-7 days after the manipulation. Referring to the common data about the level of red blood cells in the blood of the norms for women, the patient herself can understand if there are any deviations and what it might mean.

If the red blood cell level is less than 3.5, it is necessary to talk about anemia. If there is increasing above the level of erythrocytes 4.5 - polycythemia.

Determining the level of red blood cells for the clinical diagnosis and therefore uninformative doctor requires additional diagnostics.

At what index should consult a doctor

If the red blood cell level change does not bring any changes in state of health, you should not worry. If you experience fatigue, drowsiness, moisture of the skin, dizziness symptoms revealed marked the first time - you need to turn to the district physician.

Usually the clinical picture of the disease appears at rates much higher than the norm or understated.

If the condition is met before, and the patient knows about the disease and treated by a certain narrow specialist on the subject, it can be go directly to medical care is to the specialist (oncologist in malignant tumors, a cardiologist - the pathology of cardiovascular system).

Upon receipt of injury, accompanied by profuse bleeding, it should be remembered that the blood counts fall and therefore it is important to as quickly as possible to call the ambulance.

How to bring back to normal red blood cells

red blood cells in the blood of the norm for women is achieved in several ways:

• Drug treatment;
• surgery;
• ethnoscience;
• Other methods.

Medications

The most common anemia than polycythemia. Anemia, in turn, classified into several subtypes: iron deficiency, hemorrhagic, sideroahrestical, haemolytic, aplastic, megaloblastic. Each of these subtypes has its etiology and therapeutic approach, although it is characterized by a decrease in the level of red blood cells.

When iron deficiency anemia, therapeutic measures will be directed to the blood iron replenishment by feropleksa or Feramid (3 ml - 2.1 p / d / m) and vitamins of group B, namely, B6 and B12.

When sideroahrestical anemia treatment strategy is aimed at replenishing vitamin B6, with desferalom 500mg - 2 r / d.

If megaloblastic anemia will be amazed krastny bone marrow and treatment strategy is aimed at replenishment of vitamin B12 for 6-10 weeks every day, with a possible transition to 1 p / week. for 2-3 months. under the control of the histogram. It is possible surgery.

Hemolytic anemia, as well as megaloblastic best treated surgically. In this case, the spleen is removed, which is the cause of lowering the level of red blood cells. Treatment of aplastic anemia carried hormonal preparations: glucocorticoids (prednizolog 90mg / d.) Or anabolic agents (retabolil). In severe - removal of the spleen.

Traditional methods

When anemia effective means are:

1. Infusion of mother and stepmother - a teaspoon of herbs for 0.2 liters of boiling water. Admission for a month with a break of 21 days, 3p / day.
2. A mixture of buckwheat field - a teaspoon of herbs for 0.2 liters of boiling water. Take 2-3 p / cut for 3-4 weeks.
3. Fresh carrots - reception 1-2 p / day. You can take in a frayed, along with an apple, on an empty stomach, 20 minutes before breakfast.

Other methods

Proper nutrition, long-term presence in the fresh air, active lifestyle and avoiding harmful habits can positively affect the outcome of the disease. It is important to maintain emotional calm.

The cause of polycythemia are most often cancer. The most effective treatment in this case would be nonspecific therapies: phlebotomy of 500 ml per day and tsitoferez - filtering blood for a long time.

possible complications

Do not ignore the possible clinical manifestations of underreporting of red blood cells, especially if the patient is aware of how the disease has led to such a state. It is worth remembering that the increase or decrease in the level of red blood cells is significant and the only sign of life-threatening diseases.

Ignoring this fact leads to adverse outcomes including death.

Possible complications with polycythemia - cirrhosis, myelofibrosis and transition into chronic myelogenous leukemia, recalcitrant to treatment; for anemia - the progression of cancer, a large blood loss, accompanied by multi-organ failure and hemorrhagic shock, metabolic disorders.

It is important to remember the symptoms decrease or increase the level of red blood cells in the blood, knowing the rate of women, and not to forget that he is not afraid the fact of changing the amount of erythrocytes to health, and identification on the basis of the underlying disease, which led to such state. Timely treatment for medical help improve the outcome and prognosis of the disease.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video of normal red blood cells in the blood of women

Complete blood count, which indicators are normal: