Gastric ulcer. Symptoms and signs in adults, home treatment, procedure, surgery

gastric ulcer is an acute or chronic disease of the gastrointestinal tract organ, symptoms and is associated with the presence of a strong pain in the central part of the abdomen, spasms, disturbance process of digestion and assimilation of eating. The disease is characterized by recurrent with periodic remissions and exacerbations stages.

What is gastric ulcer

Gastric ulcer - is a generalized plot with a violation of the integrity of the digestive organ mucosa.

Symptoms and signs of severe diseases affecting the stomach submucosal tissue with destruction of its walls. Wound formation in gastric mucosa are formed under the influence of high concentrations of hydrochloric acid, digestive enzymes of the pancreas and bile and pepsin.

After the formation of trophic ulcers healing of her complicated by the constant presence of an aggressive environment inside the stomach. As the ulcer healing is the formation of keloid scar formation at the site which appears fibrous tissue is not capable of performing the previous functions of the stomach.

Recurrent nature of the disease leads to the fact that the ulcer is almost never heals fully. Remain small foci mucosal erosion, which exposed pathological factors trigger a relapse. Most often an exacerbation of ulcer is fixed in the autumn and spring seasons.

Types of stomach ulcers

Gastric ulcer symptoms and manifestations of which are expressed in a strong pain spazmiruyutsya classified Gastroenterologist into separate species. The main principle of allocation type of the disease lies in its clinical presentation and extent of mucous membrane lesions.

The table below shows the types of peptic ulcer detailed characteristic pathological process:

Variety ulcers	pathography
Acute form of bleeding	The disease develops rapidly. A person experiences acute pain spazmoobraznuyu in the middle of the abdomen with a return under the lower part of the chest. There is a drop in blood pressure, which is caused by internal bleeding. The patient is not able to be in the upright position. Possible unconsciousness.
Acute form with perforation	The symptoms of peptic ulcer disease manifested by acute pain, cramps, loss of appetite. The erosion of the digestive organ mucosa so deep that affects the submucosal tissue. Possible violation of the integrity of the stomach.
Acute form, coupled with the perforation and bleeding	This local destruction of the digestive organ tissues. This type of disease is characterized by the formation of deep and non-healing trophic ulcers with copious internal bleeding. A patient who has been diagnosed with this kind of disease, needs to receive emergency medical care.
Chronic or unspecified with haemorrhage	One of the most dangerous types of peptic ulcer disease. From acute disease is characterized by the fact that trophic wound blood over a long period of time does not heal, but does not go into a heightened state. The patient suffers from constant loss of vital blood cells, worsening general health, decreased hemoglobin, increases the risk of developing anemia.
Acute form without perforation and internal bleeding	This type of disease is most commonly diagnosed by doctors, gastroenterologists, which went to the reception a patient with severe pain in the stomach area. The disease is characterized by a local defect in the body mucosa, without lesions of the deeper layers, and stomach tissue. Signs of violating the integrity of the body and excretion of blood - no.
Chronic or unspecified with perforation	It characterized by sluggish development with the gradual growth of a trophic ulcer that does not heal, destroying the deep layers of the digestive organ tissues. This kind of ulcers is not as dangerous as the chronic form, but also requires surgical treatment. There is a risk of sudden opening of internal bleeding.
The chronic form without internal bleeding and perforation	Along with the acute form of the disease is most common in medical practice. Chronic ulcers periodically worried man spasms aching pain, which stopped for a few days, and then again manifest themselves unpleasant symptoms. Chronic type of the disease respond well to conservative medical treatment.
Acute or chronic form, which is not specified, proceeds without signs of perforation and bleeding	Relapsing disease of the stomach with a rapidly changing clinical manifestations. There may be multiple trophic ulcers, some of which are in an acute or chronic course. It requires a comprehensive treatment with medications and surgery.

Stage and grade of gastric ulcers

Gastric ulcer symptoms and manifestation of which is expressed in a spasm of acute pain, develop in several stages destruction of the gastric mucosa.

In this regard, gastroenterologists doctors distinguish the following stages of the disease:

• Stage 1 - produced local inflammation of the mucous membranes, which at the primary gastroscopy may be identified as gastritis or predyazvennoe state;
• Stage 2 - the first signs of mucosal erosion, which affect only the surface layer of a digestive organ, patient experiences aching, cramping in the stomach;
• Stage 3 - trophic ulcer formed with recurrent course, which may be both in the acute and in the chronic form development, requires a complex treatment with a long course of drugs or performing surgical intervention;
• Stage 4 - trophic process encompasses not only the mucosal layer, but also deeper stomach tissue, organ function is disrupted muscle shaped perforated education opens periodic or continuous bleeding, there is a real threat of a lethal outcome.

Step peptic ulcer, as well as a version that are installed in an integrated diagnostic intestine, influence on circuit length and therapeutic course. The presence of 3 or 4 stages of the disease may require emergency surgery.

Symptoms of stomach ulcers

Gastric ulcer symptoms and manifestation of which is expressed in acute pain and the possible opening of internal bleeding is a disease with distinct characteristics.

Distinguish the following symptoms suggestive of ulcerative lesion of gastric mucosa:

• feeling sharp, aching or pain in the epigastric spazmoobraznoy digestive organ, which increases after consuming acidic, spicy, marinated, rough or too salty food;
• on an empty stomach pain becomes especially pronounced after meals and consumption abnormal sensations blunted (This is due to the fact that pepsin, part of the gastric juice, acts as a stimulator of the mucous membrane of the patient Body);
• nausea, vomitus selection, in which structure impurities observed blood (the typical symptom for patients with perforation or internal bleeding ulcers);
• heartburn and acid regurgitation constant feeling that is enhanced after eating the food;
• rapid weight loss, which occurs on the background of the system GI dysfunction, loss of appetite, vomiting;
• general physical weakness, malaise, dizziness, drop in blood pressure (characteristic for patients suffering from peptic ulcer disease, chronic whose interior is present bleeding);
• the presence of blood in stool, which also indicates the opening trophic ulcers of the stomach wall.

Gastric ulcer symptoms and manifestations of which are expressed in the attacks of severe pain, is a dangerous disease. The above symptoms are alarming sign of serious health problems, which should be the motivation for going to the doctor-gastroenterologist.

The causes of stomach ulcers

According to the latest research, about 38% of all trophic ulcers of the stomach wall caused by the pathogenic bacteria Helicobacter pylori activity. This microorganism reaches the cavity of the digestive organ, located at its epithelial surface and then starts to produce a urea as a product of its activity.

This material reacts with the water that enters the stomach, which eventually leads to local synthesis of ammonia. The latter material has the properties of neutralization of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice composition.

Thus, a bacterial microorganism itself provides a safe environment and are not exposed to the aggressive action of the acidity of the stomach.

As the number of pathogenic bacteria in the area of ​​the epithelium, where it is a parasite, developing a local inflammatory process. Without proper effect, it goes to step erosion, and then transformed into a full trophic ulcer.

Also, there are the following reasons for the formation of ulcers that are not associated with infection of the stomach by the microorganism Helicobacter pylori:

• regular strong alcohol abuse, which destroy the mucosal layer of a digestive organ;
• smoking and intake of drugs;
• daily use too sour, salty, oily, spicy, pickled or roughage, which initially leads to inflammation of the mucosa, and then the formation of trophic ulcers;
• cancerous lesions of the stomach, when the wound Education - Cancer is the result of the process;
• psycho-emotional overstrain, stress that disrupt digestive function and intestinal motility, causing the development of "stress ulcer";
• presence of concomitant diseases such as syphilis, tuberculosis, diabetes, HIV infection, Crohn's disease, gastric carcinoid, lymphoma;
• abuse of beverages containing caffeine in its composition (hot chocolate, green or black tea, coffee, cocoa);
• serious injury, burns a large area of ​​the body, as a result of which there may be "shock plague";
• poor diet, when a person menu is dominated by semi-finished products, suhomyatku, dishes, richly flavored spices;
• burn the mucous membrane of the digestive organ, resulting from accidental or intentional use of acids, alkalis and other chemicals corrosive properties;
• drinking too hot food or drinks.

Determining the cause of the ulcer of stomach neoplasm, it is a prerequisite for an effective treatment regimen for the future. In addition, if there are timely corrected pathological factors provoking the destruction of the mucous membrane of the body, it will be possible to minimize the risk of disease recurrence.

Diagnosis of gastric ulcers

Examination of the stomach for possible damage to its mucosa and deeper layers of the trophic ulcer, carried out in public hospitals and in private clinics. The patient goes to the initial reception to the doctor, a gastroenterologist who performs an external examination of the patient, palpation of the central part of the abdomen, hears complaints about current symptoms and medical history forms disease.

Thereafter, the patient is directed to the passage of the following types of diagnostic tests:

• Deposit stool for occult blood determination to eliminate the factor of chronic internal bleeding;
• pH-meters, which is carried out to study the level of acidity of the digestive juice, as well as the functional activity of the stomach synthesis hydrochloric acid (in the case of disease lesions subcardial gastric retained normal gastric acidity without signs its increase);
• Clinical analysis of capillary blood on the overall performance;
• venous blood sampling for biochemical studies it for dangerous infections, hormonal imbalances;
• endoscopic diagnosis, the principle of which is introduced into the cavity of the stomach of a special probe that transmits a video image of the internal walls of the stomach to a computer monitor;
• roentgen digestive organ, which displays the portions with impaired gastric mucosal integrity and submucosal layers (see pathological lesions of the trophic ulcers, the patient drinks a pre-contrasting barium solution);
• Biopsy tissues, arranged in circumferentially ulcer formation, which is performed after endoscopic selection biological material (collected for histology samples sent to exclude oncological nature origin of the wound);
• Study of mucus and gastric juice to the possible presence of an infectious agent - Helicobacter pylori;
• electrogastrogram which is conducted to detect violations of the gastroduodenal motility.

The results of all these kinds of instrumental and laboratory studies allow Gastroenterologist obtain comprehensive data on the health status of the gastric mucosa, as well as its submucosal layers. course of therapy is formed according to the results of the complex diagnostics. In the public hospital examination it is free.

For diagnostic private clinic services will have to pay around 2500-3000 rubles.

When to see a doctor

The appearance of the sensation of pain in the central part of the abdomen, cramps, heartburn, nausea or vomit selection with bloody, it is an alarming signal, which indicates the need for an urgent appeal to the Gastroenterologist.

A visit to the doctor in this profile should take place in the first 1-2 days after onset of the symptoms. Delay is fraught with complications, the discovery of internal bleeding and in conditions of acute forms of peptic ulcer with signs of perforation walls of the digestive organ is not excluded lethal offensive outcome.

Prevention of gastric ulcers

To minimize the risk of the mucosa and submucosal layer of the stomach by single or the multiple trophic ulcers recommended daily perform simple rules prevention.

They consist in the following actions:

• abide by the rules of a balanced diet was full of cereal porridges menu, low-fat chicken broth, not sour vegetables that are cooked on the steam bath, or by quenching in brine;
• renounce the use of alcohol, tobacco and drugs;
• before eating food always wash your hands with warm soapy water to avoid getting into the stomach cavity of an infectious microorganism Helicobacter pylori;
• not abuse too salty, sour, hot, roasted, fatty, spicy dishes that can cause irritation of the mucous membrane of the body, chronic gastritis with the transition to the ulcer disease;
• at least 1 time per year undergo preventive examination by a doctor of the gastroenterologist to allow early detection of lesions of the trophic lesions of the stomach;
• do not drink on an empty stomach, carbonated drinks, coffee, tea, hot chocolate, as well as not to use pastry.

From the ulcer diet completely eliminated foods such as garlic, turnip, radish, tomato, onion, fatty meat, barbecue sauces based on tomatoes, mayonnaise, nuts and sunflower seeds, dried fruits, salty and fried bacon, mushrooms, raw cabbage, ginger, chilli, dumplings, cranberries, red currants, liver, sausages, stew.

Methods of treatment of gastric ulcers

Modern medicine allows you to quickly organize an effective treatment of peptic ulcer disease through the use of traditional medicines, or the surgery. It is also possible to use the recipes of traditional medicine.

Medications

To prevent further expansion and deepening of the trophic ulcers, as well as its rapid healing, the following medications:

• Vis-nol - complex drug for the treatment of ulcers in all shapes and forms, take 1 capsule 4 times a day for 30 minutes. before meals, duration of therapy course - from 4 to 8 weeks (the cost of medicines 380 rubles. 30 for the packaging of tablets);
• Kvamatel - a medicine indicated for use in benign ulcer that does not have oncological nature of origin, Take 1 tablet in the morning and in the evening (just before bedtime) with liquid (treatment duration 2 months., and the cost of the drug 480 rubles. per pack of 30 tablets);
• Lantserol - a drug prescribed to patients with acute or chronic form of peptic ulcer disease: 1 tablet per day for 2-4 months. depending on the dynamics to recovery (drug price 160 rubles. 10 tablets);
• Nolpaza - Take 1 tablet 1 time a day for 4 weeks, it stimulates the process of scarring ulcers, prevents further trophic organ damage (cost of the drug - 330 rub.).

Depending on the type of peptic ulcer disease and its clinical development gastroenterologist may use other medications to eliminate the pathological process.

Traditional methods

In addition to using traditional drug therapies, use traditional recipes, which also effectively fight ulcers, stimulate scarring trophic structures. It is recommended to use the following tools.

Tincture of oats

It needs to take 250 g of the cereal, fill it with 1 liter of boiling water and then put for 10 hours in a dark place for infusion. After this time, homemade medicine is ready for use. Accepted 100 ml 3 times a day for 20 minutes. before meals. The course of treatment - 2 months.

chamomile decoction

Natural anti-inflammatory and wound-healing agent, for the preparation of which is necessary to take 1 tbsp. l. dried plants, add to it 1 liter of cold water, then put on a slow fire. For broth must boil daisy for 15 min. Received means adopted by 200 ml 3 times a day for 30 minutes. before the meal.

Flax-seed

It needs to take 2 hours. l. flax seed, pour them one cup of boiling water and leaving it stand for 24 hours. At the expiration of the day in a glass formed by a linen pudding, which is divided into 2 equal portions and taken morning and evening. Duration of treatment 2-3 months.

Before using the popular methods of treatment of gastric ulcers, it is recommended to be examined by a doctor, a gastroenterologist or surgeon. Only with the permission of such specialists alternative therapies as dangerous diseases may be used.

Surgical intervention

ulcer treatment by surgery includes removal of stomach tissue destroyed by the disease with subsequent suturing of the body. The operation is performed under general anesthetic with full penetration of the abdominal cavity of a patient. The average duration of surgery - from 2 to 6 hours. The rehabilitation period is from 1 to 3 months.

Surgical treatment is indicated in the case of diagnosing a patient perforated ulcer or gastric bleeding

Other methods

In combination with drug therapy and surgical treatment of peptic ulcer can be cured regular drinking mineral water with a high concentration, and sodium hydrogencarbonate. It is recommended in the morning and evening for 30 minutes. before eating drinking 250 ml of water mark alkali Dilizhan, Korneshtskaya, Nabeglavi, Achaluki, Utsera.

All of them are sold in the pharmacy retail chains, as well as large supermarkets of the country.

possible complications

With timely beginning of treatment of peptic ulcer disease prognosis for recovery is favorable.

The absence of reference to the doctor and started medical or surgical therapy can lead to the development of these complications and health problems:

• opening the internal bleeding with blood allocation in the stomach cavity or peritoneum;
• drop in blood pressure indicators to a critical level (60 units tonometer 30) caused by chronic bleeding;
• regeneration of epithelial tissues, arranged in circumferentially non-healing trophic ulcers, in a malignant cancerous tumor;
• perforation of the stomach with its puncturing, which eliminates further food intake and digestion (only after surgical removal perforation portion);
• extensive inflammation of all parts of the stomach;
• Distribution of the pathological process to the esophagus, the intestine and duodenum;
• peritonitis tissues and organs of the abdominal cavity near trophic ulcer;
• onset of death.

Gastric ulcer, which has undergone comprehensive medical or surgical treatment as soon as the first symptoms of pain and spasms, successfully rumen without the risk of complications. Compliance with the doctor's instructions and preventive measures provide minimal risk of recurrence of the disease in the future.

About 85% of patients with ulcerative lesions of the stomach permanently cured of the disease without the transfer of trophic wounds chronic course.

Video of peptic ulcer

"Live healthy" for peptic ulcer: