Hypotension. Causes and treatment, drugs and medicines, folk remedies for children, adults. Symptoms of low blood pressure, what to do

Blood pressure - an indicator of the heart and blood vessels. It is understood as the force with which blood pushes against the walls of the large arteries. There are generally accepted rules of healthy pressure, deviations from them reveal violations in the work of the cardiovascular system. One of such abnormalities is called hypotonia (or hypotension), in which metric values ​​are reduced. The causes are many, as well as methods of treatment.

What is hypotension?

There is averaged reference pressure standards - 120 to 80 mm Hg. Art. In medicine is defined as an extended concept of the norm, it depends on the following factors.

• Floor. In women, the pressure is lower than that of men.
• Age. The older a person is, the higher the rate.
• Physical activity. Index can be regarded as normal at rest 100 at 70 mm Hg.. Article, and the active motion - systolic index above 2 - 3 dozen.
• The level of human fitness. In a professional athlete's blood pressure and heart rate lower than that of a sedentary person.

Range of normal values ​​of systolic (when the heart is compressed and ejected in blood vessels) - from 90 to 140, and the diastolic (blood back to the heart, it is expanded) - from 60 to 90 mm Hg. Art. Everything that goes into this corridor, conventionally recognized standard pressure.

Hypotension causes and treatments which are individual for each patient is recorded with persistent blood pressure values ​​equal to or below 90 to 60 mm Hg. Art.

Causes

There are many explanations as to why some people are characterized as low pressure readings.

1. Genetic factor. These features of the heart and vascular tone can be inherited from the mother in 2 times more likely than his father.
2. heart disease and malformations.
3. Anaphylaxis, an overdose of medications, poisoning can trigger a drop in pressure.
4. Diseases of other organs and systems. Hypotension may be a symptom of thyroid gland diseases, adrenal, problems with the nervous system and vascular tone, display of anemia and other diagnoses.
5. Trauma, blood loss, implicit or explicit. Lack of circulating blood reduces the pressure on the vessel walls, in this case, low pressure - symptom. It remains up to restore normal blood volume.
6. Stress. Overload physical or mental can also provoke low vascular tone.
7. Physical inactivity. Sedentary lifestyle reduces the overall tone of the blood vessels, the heart works without strain.
8. The first trimester of pregnancy. Reduced pressure arises because of the additional placental circulation.
9. Fitness of professional athletes. With regular heavy loads heart beats less often, it is larger in size, blood pushes against the walls of the arteries in moderation.
10. Prolonged restriction of food, lack of vitamins.
11. The attempt of the organism to adapt to life in extreme conditions: high in the mountains, with a reduced amount of oxygen in the atmosphere and others.

Types and symptoms of hypotension

Hypotension can be of different types, the classification depends on the terms of reference. Allocate acute and chronic forms of the disease symptoms and duration. By the presence of the specific reason to distinguish the primary and secondary (symptomatic). If we talk about the changes in the body, it is a physiological and pathological hypotension.

Not all types of the disease in need of treatment.

Hypotension manifested a variety of symptoms, some of which are dictated not so much by the pressure drop, in principle, how many poor blood supply to the brain at this time.

• Headache. Often worse in the morning or after exercise.
• Fainting.
• Drowsiness, weakness, fatigue without cause drowsiness.
• Depending on the weather changes, it changes foreboding.
• Shortness of breath with no load.
• Morznuschie hands and feet, of their excessive sweating.
• Depressed mood, anger, poor concentration.
• Dizziness when changing body position. Blackouts at sharp movements.
• Symptomatology of the gastrointestinal tract: belching, heaviness in the stomach, nausea, constipation, flatulence.
• Pain in the left side of the chest.
• Palpitations or decreased heartbeat.
• Slightly decreased body temperature.
• The absence or decreased libido.

Signs of acute hypotension

Sudden, rapid development of hypotension symptoms called acute condition. It can be life threatening if simultaneously developing a serious pathology. Acute hypotension is also referred to collapse or shock, wherein the pathologically dilated vessels.

Hypotension (causes and treatment of this disease are described in detail in the medical literature) developing the type of acute, it can be caused by:

• heart attack;
• rapid blood loss;
• thrombus occlusion of the vessel;
• acute intoxication;
• severe allergic reaction;
• sharp dehydration.

For a person in shock characteristic signs:

• Gait disturbance, coordination.
• pale skin.
• Blurred vision.
• Confusion until his loss.
• Sudden weakness.
• Chills.

This condition requires immediate hospitalization.

The symptoms of the chronic form

Form of the disease, in which repeatedly recorded lower values ​​on the blood pressure monitor is called chronic.

In this case, a person may feel the following symptoms:

1. weakness and lethargy;
2. decreased body temperature;
3. low physical and mental performance;
4. decreased potency;
5. a bad dream;
6. menstrual irregularities;
7. pain in the stomach, belching.

orthostatic hypotension

This condition is characterized by a sharp drop in systolic index by at least 20 points and diastolic by at least 10 when a sudden change in body position from lying. Sharply rising up, a person experiences dizziness, semiconscious state, it can happen and brief loss of consciousness.

Distinguish many forms of orthostatic hypotension, depending on the reasons therefor:

• Shy-Drager syndrome. Thus the diagnosis is recorded shortage hormone norepinephrine affecting the tonus of blood vessels.
• Idiopathic type, in which the cause remains unknown.
• When pregnancy.
• Induced prolonged stay in a horizontal position in which the heart and the vessels become accustomed to negligible load and can not move quickly.
• Caused by medication: diuretics, which reduce the pressure, with the content of nitroglycerin and other.
• Acute and sub-acute hypovolemia. Both forms are associated with rapid blood loss or strong dehydration, which reduces the amount of blood and affects the tone.

In the event of certain diseases:

1. heart attack;
2. diabetic neuropathy;
3. burns;
4. amyelotrophy;
5. pulmonary embolism;
6. varices in severe;
7. anemia.

Most manifestations of orthostatic hypotension due to poor blood supply to the brain at the time of getting up and delayed vascular response to the action. The consequence may be the trauma associated with loss of coordination, fainting, and central nervous system damage due to oxygen starvation.

The dangerous hypotension?

It is thought that chronic low blood pressure is not so dangerous to humans, such as high-threatening heart disease and stroke. Often, however, the satellites of the disease is to reduce the tone of life, a feeling of lack of energy, headaches.

Inadequate blood supply to vital organs for a long time can cause the following problems:

• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• the development of atherosclerosis;
• myocardial infarction;
• violation of adrenal function;
• thyroid dysfunction;
• malfunction of the nervous system;
• decreased potency;
• menstrual irregularities;
• depression;
• stroke;
• hypertension as a consequence of hypotension.

First aid for a sharp decrease in pressure

Hypotension, causes and treatment of which are closely related, can be manifested by sudden attacks.

Man became ill:

• I staggered or fell;
• confused mind or is absent;
• pale skin;
• cold sweat, hands cold hands;
• He can not give the number of fingers in front of his eyes, day of the week.

In this case, apply the algorithm of actions:

1. Turn patient on a flat surface (without elevation under the head), raising the legs. If you can not put, then put his head down low.
2. Call an ambulance.
3. Open collar, the top buttons.
4. Warm shelter.
5. Rub the ears, hands, palms.
6. When open the eyes, put his head to the side in case of vomiting.
7. Do not allow to get up to the doctor soon.
8. Estimated using simple questions adequacy. Ask about the presence of diabetes.
9. Only hot sweet tea may be given of such a person drinks. Prohibited give alcohol, coffee, cold water, any medication.

To which the doctor ask?

Hypotension may be based on a variety of different reasons. Therefore, the first doctor who will examine, prescribe tests and give advice on the selection of a specialist - a therapist. If you suspect a problem with the heart and blood vessels etc. should go to a cardiologist.

If not OK hormones, internist prescribe consultation of the endocrinologist. If you have questions to the kidneys and adrenal glands of the patient will be treated nephrologist. Neurologist will assess autonomic nervous system function.

diagnostic methods

The main method of diagnosis of the primary problems with the pressure of a conversation during which the doctor collects history, including genealogy. During reception doctor must three times to measure the pressure of the patient, perhaps daily appointment pressure monitoring. Establish the facts consistently poor performance, the therapist directs the clinical and biochemical blood tests, urine analysis.

the doctor determines what experts consultation required on the basis of the data obtained.

The search for the causes of low blood pressure may require the following additional types of inspections:

• Electrocardiogram (you may need to pass it in a resting state and after load on the heart);
• ultrasound examination of the heart, kidney, adrenal gland, thyroid gland;
• head inspection on a computer or magnetic resonance imaging;
• vascular examination using Doppler.

Especially the treatment of hypotension in adults and children

According to the classification by the presence of pathological changes, physiological hypotension is not a disease and does not require treatment. Correction subject pathological form of hypotension (primary or secondary) in the presence of patient complaints.

the primary form of treatment should be complex, that is, include the following steps:

• rejection of bad habits;
• regulation of the regime of the day;
• adequate sleep;
• incorporation of physical activity;
• proper nutrition;
• medicamental methods (breathing exercises, water therapy, aromatherapy and other);
• medications.

When registering secondary form a primary diagnosis of treatable diseases, caused reduced pressure. Despite the fact that according to some information in almost 20% of children recorded a low pressure in pediatrics decided not to diagnose "Primary hypotension" due to the fact that these phenomena are often not persistent irreversible and with age disappear.

If hypotension in children and adolescents is associated with vascular dystonia, the most commonly used non-drug treatments:

• complete rejection of bad habits;
• psychotherapy;
• regulation of the regime of the day, food;
• acupuncture;
• vitamin;
• various types of physical therapy;
• medical massage;
• physiotherapy;
• water treatment and other methods.

In the case of diagnosis of secondary hypotension underpressure is a symptom of another disease. It is subject to therapy.

Drugs: the name, instructions for use

When resistant hypotension primary doctor may prescribe medications for blood pressure regulation.

Group	drug Name	Act
nootropics	glycine	Improves blood flow to the brain, it has little sedative effect, helping to establish a dream to be involved in the regulation of the tone of the nervous system. Allowed to apply to pregnant or lactating.
piracetam	It improves blood supply to the brain, increases concentration, combats manifestations hypotension type of syncope, dizziness and headaches. Removes lethargy.
fenotropil	Psychostimulant, provides tonic, antiasthenic effect with anticonvulsant effect.
Sedatives and tranquillizers	New Pass	Has a sedative, a slight sedative effect, it soothes the psyche.
Tofisopam	Protects against stress and anxiety, relieves neurosis, accompanied by apathy. Stabilizes the autonomic system.
triosazin	It recommended for neurotic conditions, depression, psychopathy. It reduces fear, anxiety, eliminates anxiety.
cerebroprotectors	cinnarizine	It has an effect on the brain, improving blood supply by blocking the calcium channels. It improves peripheral circulation, protects against hypoxia.
aktovegin	It increases blood circulation, improve oxygen metabolism of tissues, and promotes regeneration of normalization of PH.
vinpocetine	Expressed corrector cerebral circulation, metabolism stimulant.
anticholinergics	Bellataminalum	It helps with insomnia, manifestations of vegetative-vascular dystonia, irritability and nervousness.
Bellaspon	Has a sedative effect, it prevents spasm of small blood vessels. Appointed with neurosis with autonomic manifestations.
Belloidum	Improves sleep, smooths vegetative-vascular manifestations of the disease, control of neurotic states.
antioxidants	succinic acid	Improves energy metabolism in the cells oxygen exchange. It increases the overall tone, improves performance and appetite.
Vitamins A, C, E	Maintain the activity of immune cells, protect against the effects of free radicals, improve energy metabolism.
ubiquinone	Has a tonic effect, it supports the immune system, improves metabolism.

Recipes folk remedies for hypotension

Drugs, helping to increase the pressure to a normal level, have a number of undesirable side effects. Often you can get recipes based on herbs and fees, has a tonic and stimulating effect.

The infusion of immortelle

It is recommended to drink the infusion of dried flowers of Helichrysum (1 tbsp. l. PT. boiling water). Currently, over 40 minutes. Drink divided into 2 Admission: morning and evening to drink for 30 minutes before eating. Contraindicated in the propensity to stone formation in the gall bladder, banned as a course of treatment for more than 3 months.

Rhodiola rosea

The second name of this plant - the golden root, it is used as a tonic, tonic, increases efficiency and eliminates lethargy and weakness. It is used in the form of alcoholic tinctures (10-15 drops 3 times a day, half an hour before meals), or aqueous infusion 1 tbsp. l. raw material to a glass of boiling water (½ of Art. infusion twice a day).

Do not take an infusion before bedtime because of its tonic properties.

prickly thistle

A stimulant effect on the central nervous system in small doses. Tones the heart, constricts blood vessels and increases the outflow of fluid. 1 h. l. dried herbs to brew in the art. boiling water and taken before meals 1/3 Art.

It should not be taken in large quantities due to the occurrence at the same inhibitory effect on the nervous system. Contraindicated in neurotic disorders, often accompanied by hypotension.

Coffee and honey remedy

In 0.5 liter of honey added 50 g of finely-milled coffee beans and lemon juice and mix and stored in a dark place. Means as a restorative tonic and take a teaspoon 3-4 times a day between meals.

Celery

One of the fastest ways to increase the pressure - celery juice. Suffice week Hour 2 tsp before breakfast, lunch and dinner in order to achieve stable results. The juice is better to squeeze out of the green stalks immediately before the reception.

beet juice

Fresh beet juice in respect of pressure increase is applied only on one condition: if hypotension caused by hemorrhage. The juice will accelerate the process of hematopoiesis. Otherwise, this method further lower the pressure of the high content of nitrates. If you have problems with the kidneys, gall bladder, stomach juice should not be taken.

To combat anemia (one of the causes hypotension) enough to take 2 - 3 times a day before meals for a quarter cup of fresh beet juice, diluted with water up to half a glass. Desirably fresh juice let stand prior to use from 1 to 2 hours.

Eleutherococcus

Tincture plant effectively treats low vascular tone, increases efficiency, improves metabolism. It is used as an alcohol tincture (the morning before meals 25 drops, dissolved in 1 tbsp. water), and tablets broth (on a steam bath for 30 minutes to keep the feed at 20 g 1 tbsp. water, take 1/3 Art. before eating).

If hypotension burdened arrhythmia, the drug can not be used. Do not take it in the afternoon.

Physiotherapy

Hypotension causes and treatments which depend on the shape of Pathology, well amenable to correction by various methods physiotherapy, they are particularly effective when treating children.

• Massage neck and neck area, feet, hands, point.
• Aromatherapy.
• Hydrotherapy (turpentine baths, showers, wiping, etc.).
• Electrophoresis and galvanization.
• Electro.
• Ultraviolet irradiation.
• Hot wraps in the chest.
• Tempering perfusion.

prognosis of the disease

Treatment of hypotension - a complex process, long and requires a joint effort of the patient and the doctor. This disease impairs the quality of life, but in most cases does not threaten her. Manifestations of hypotension in childhood often go with growing up.

Persistent primary hypotension, often hereditary, with bright symptoms difficult amenable to correction. In some cases, this condition develops into the opposite phenomenon - high blood pressure, bad corrective medication. Therefore, such patients need to constantly monitor their condition.

Prevention of low pressure

The best way to prevent disease is a healthy lifestyle.

• Creating a favorable psychological atmosphere around him.
• Sleep balance work and leisure.
• Moderate but regular exercise.
• Proper nutrition.
• Attention to their health.
• Periodic pressure monitoring.

Establish the causes of hypotension sometimes difficult, the treatment can be lengthy. But after bringing the body into balance a nice bonus from doctors permission will have salty food and drink strong tea and coffee as a preventive means.

Video of hypotension, its symptoms and treatments

Causes, symptoms and treatment of hypotension:

The dangerous hypotension: