The author - Chuklin Olga, general practitioner, internist. Work experience since 2003.
Acute tonsillitis (angina) called an infectious disease in which there is inflammation of the tonsils.
In humans, there are lymphoid ring in the throat, tonsils formed by several, but preferably subjected angina palatine tonsils.
Angina called acute tonsillitis still incorrect as the global "sore throat" practice term designate angina ( «angina pectoris»).
Causes
The following main causes of acute tonsillitis:
- bacteria;
- viruses;
- fungus.
The most widespread among bacterial pathogen is Streptococcus, much less staphylococci, pneumococci, atypical bacteria.
Any viral infection of the respiratory tract can lead to tonsillitis.
Contribute to the emergence of the disease the following factors:
- inhalation of contaminated air in factories, or when living in large metropolitan areas;
- hypothermia;
- presence of foci of chronic infections (pharyngitis, Sinusitis, adenoids, otitis media, dental caries);
- long uncontrolled reception antimicrobials;
- poor nutrition;
- excessive smoking.
Distribution of the adult population disease pathogens occurs by droplets (during coughing or sneezing) rarely contact-household.
When contact-household transmission of spread is by using common kitchenware, household items, with poor personal hygiene.
Kinds
Acute tonsillitis clinical manifestations are divided into:
- catarrhal (most mild form of acute tonsillitis);
- follicular (purulent follicles formed on tonsils);
- lacunar (pus accumulates in the gaps of the tonsils);
- ulceromembranose (tonsillar formed coating, while removing the surface of which may ulcerate tonsils).
Symptoms of acute tonsillitis
After infection and before the appearance of clinical signs tonsillitis (incubation period) may take from several hours to three days.
Clinical symptoms of acute tonsillitis depend on the type of tonsillitis.
Catarrhal signs of acute tonsillitis
Thus, in the catarrhal form of acute tonsillitis develops shallow mucous tonsils.
Initially, the patient shows signs of intoxication, but the intoxication syndrome is poorly expressed. For intoxication is characterized by such symptoms:
- the temperature rises within 37-38 degrees;
- moderate weakness;
- slight headache.
Often catarrhal tonsillitis and without increasing the temperature.
Local symptoms appear later:
- sore and dry throat;
- moderate pain when swallowing in the throat;
- tonsils swollen;
- flushing (redness) tonsils.
Raids in catarrh tonsillar not. Catarrhal tonsillitis caused mostly viruses, sometimes it may be early manifestations of other forms.
This type of acute tonsillitis has a favorable and milder. In addition to signs of the disease, when catarrhal tonsillitis may be signs of viral damage adjacent organs:
- rhinitis;
- pharyngitis;
- laryngitis.
Three days later, the process is on the decline, or he goes to another, more serious, form of tonsillitis.
Signs lacunar and follicular tonsillitis (purulent angina)
Lacunar and follicular tonsillitis are the kinds of purulent tonsillitis, they develop bacterial infections.
Both types begin with the expressed intoxication syndrome:
- Body temperature rises during the follicular tonsillitis to 39 degrees;
- lacunary tonsillitis occurs when raising the temperature to 40 degrees or more;
- aches throughout the body;
- muscle pain;
- severe headaches;
- severe weakness;
- chills;
- increased salivation.
Join local changes:
- intense pain in the throat;
- pain when swallowing may be given in the ear;
- increased submandibular and cervical lymph nodes;
- tenderness regional lymph nodes;
- tonsils edema;
- redness of the tonsils;
- in follicular form on the tonsils are purulent follicles - rounded education up to 5 mm in diameter, white and yellow;
- with lacunar form on the tonsils are accumulations of pus in the gaps of the tonsils, white and yellow;
- purulent discharge may cover the entire surface of the tonsils (purulent plaque).
The duration of the clinical manifestations of these two forms is typically up to 7-10 days.
Fusospirochetal form of tonsillitis
Ulceromembranose tonsillitis does not cause violations of the general state of the organism. A distinctive aspect is the presence of the raids grayish color when removed which are ulcerative lesions of the mucous membrane of the tonsils.
Diagnostics
If signs of acute tonsillitis must always apply to the local doctor or an audiologist doctor.
Self-treatment does not need to deal with, this can lead to complications or for the transition to the chronic form of tonsillitis.
Diagnosis is based on characteristic complaints, history of the disease and course data inspection.
A doctor holds pharyngoscope - inspection of the oral cavity and pharynx, which detects local changes.
Smear conducted with tonsil mucosa to determine the causative agent, and for the selection of drugs for the treatment of inflammation. Determines which drugs sensitive pathogen.
Required for acute tonsillitis carried swabbing the tonsils to exclude diphtheria.
In general, the analysis of the blood may be inflammatory changes - accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocytosis.
Treatment of acute tonsillitis
Important! This section is written in accordance with Federal standard primary health care in acute tonsillitis
Treatment of acute tonsillitis must be carried out strictly under the supervision of a physician.
There are general recommendations during treatment:
- patient isolation in a private room;
- regular airing of rooms;
- Wet cleaning of the room daily;
- selection separate dishes for the patient;
- drinking plenty of fluids;
- the exception is too hot food;
- the food should be warm, puree;
- You can not eat spicy, acidic foods (which further irritate the throat).
Antipyretic drugs to be taken at a temperature of 38.5 degrees or more. Are appointed by the following drugs:
- Aspirin;
- ibuprofen;
- Nurofen;
- Paracetamol.
ALWAYS causal treatment (aimed at the causative agent).
antivirals
When the viral etiology of acute tonsillitis used antiviral drugs, however, in the scientific community are still being intense debate about the effectiveness of these drugs. Opponents of antiviral therapy reasonably argue that its action has had little effect. At the moment, these are the most popular antiviral drugs:
- Kagocel;
- Ingavirin;
- Arbidol;
- Ergoferon.
Antibiotics for acute tonsillitis
Antibacterial drugs are taken necessarily in purulent (bacterial) forms of tonsillitis. Antibiotics are a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity:
- Penicillins (Amoksiklav, Flemoklav, Augmentin);
- Macrolides (Hemomitsin, Azithromycin, Klatsid);
- Cephalosporins (cefixime, Zinnat, Ceftriaxone).
The dosage, frequency and duration of reception are determined solely by the attending physician.
Typically, the antibacterial treatment is about ten days, but not less than seven.
antihistamines
Antihistamines are used to relieve the swelling of the tonsils:
- diazolin;
- Tsetrin;
- Suprastin.
local therapy
Obligatory in local therapy for acute tonsillitis
- gargling;
- irrigation sprays tonsils;
- resorption lozenges, tablets.
Used for gargling:
- furatsilin;
- hydrogen peroxide;
- sodium carbonate solution;
- sea salt;
- miramistin;
- chlorhexidine;
- herbal infusions.
Rinsing can be carried out every 1.5-2 hours, alternating between several funds.
After the procedure, do not drink within 30 minutes.
Irrigation of the mucous tonsils carried out:
- Ingalipt;
- Stopangin;
- kameton;
- geksoralom;
- Lugol.
Lozenges and lollipops have not only anti-inflammatory effect, but also a pain reliever:
- Falimint;
- Dr. Mom;
- Septolete;
- Antiangin;
- Faringosept.
Treatment of acute tonsillitis must be comprehensive, then recovery will be much faster.
Pay attention to the course of treatment.
Tonsillectomy in acute tonsillitis not available. It can be only if patients have a complication of acute tonsillitis - paratonsillar swelling or difficulty breathing due to large tonsils sizes.
But surgery also have contraindications:
- severe concomitant diseases;
- pregnancy;
- blood diseases with coagulation disorders;
- active tuberculosis.
complications
Complications of acute tonsillitis are divided into local and general.
Local complications include:
- peritonsillar abscess;
- abscess of the neck;
- laryngitis;
- bronchitis;
- otitis.
Common complications include:
- rheumatic heart disease, joints;
- glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the kidney);
- meningitis (inflammation of the membranes of the brain);
- toxic shock (intoxication products of microorganisms);
- sepsis (bacteria from entering the bloodstream and spread throughout the body).
To prevent the development of complications is necessary to timely treatment of acute tonsillitis.
prevention
Prevention of acute tonsillitis includes:
- personal hygiene.
- increasing the body's defenses.
- avoid hypothermia.
- balanced diet.
- treatment of chronic diseases of other organs (otitis, sinusitis, dental caries, sore throat).
- to give up smoking.
- abstinence from alcohol.
The prognosis for timely treatment and in compliance with all recommendations of the otolaryngologist - favorable.
1. Instructions for use of Anti-Angina medicament® The formula in the dosage form of a troche
2. Instructions for use of Anti-Angina medicament® The formula in the dosage form lozenges
3. Instructions for use of Anti-Angina medicament® The formula in the dosage form for local application spray metered
There are contraindications. You need to read the manual or consult with a specialist.
