The author - Sozinova AV practicing obstetrician-gynecologist. Experience in the specialty since 2001.
Breast cysts called cavity that is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath (capsule) and contains the liquid substance.
Cyst related to breast cancer and dysplasia in women of reproductive age (18-45 years). Cyst neoplasm is breast, but benign. Most often, breast cysts are a manifestation shotty breast, in particular, nodular.
shape
Depending on the number of cysts distinguish single formation (solitary cyst) and multiple formation (polycystic breast).
In accordance with the size of isolated small forms cysts (up to 20mm), and large or giant cysts. Also, depending on the number of cavities cyst may be a single-chamber and multi-chamber. If the inside of the cyst capsule is sprawl, in this case speak of an atypical cyst. In addition, other individual isolated form cysts:
- fibrocyst;
- ductal cyst;
- fatty cyst;
- galactocele (during breastfeeding and during pregnancy).
Causes of
The main cause of breast cyst is a disturbance ratio
estrogen and progesteroneIe hormonal imbalance. Provoke such a state to help the following factors:- genetic predisposition;
- various neuroendocrine disorders;
- lack of birth at age 30 or older;
- Prolonged stress;
- abortion;
- hormonal gynecological diseases, in particular the problems associated with the ovaries;
- obesity, diabetes;
- early and late menopause;
- precocious puberty;
- avoidance of breastfeeding, or, conversely, too long a period of breast-feeding;
- hormonal contraception;
- trauma of the mammary glands;
- time intensive thermal procedures, excessive sun exposure;
- inflammation of the mammary glands.
The symptoms of breast cysts
Symptomatology of breast cysts is in direct proportion to the size of the formation, that is, the smaller the brush, the more "quiet" it behaves, and does not manifest itself.
The main complaints of women with this disorder are chest pain. The pain can be of different nature: from gnawing and pulling up bursting and twitches. Typically, the pain is not associated with the menstrual cycle, but many patients say that increased pain to the period of the end of the second phase, ie, before menstruation.
After several menstrual pain subside. Also, along with the women's pain may be concerned about the itching and burning sensation in the breast.
Another feature of the disease is rounded palpation, sensitive or disease formation in the breast, which has a soft consistency. Form of education varies by palpation breast standing and lying down. The giant size of the brush is deformed mammary gland, it increases in size, and all this makes a woman see a doctor.
For more information about self-diagnosis - in our special article
Diagnostics
Differential diagnosis of breast cysts is carried out
- breast fibroadenoma
- breast cancer.
Palpable distinguish a cyst from the fibroadenoma is difficult enough, so additional methods of examination used in the diagnosis (Breast ultrasound, mammography).
Breast cancer is characterized not only by the formation, but also change the affected skin and nipple of the breast, as well as an increase in the axillary lymph nodes.
In the diagnosis of diseases other than breast palpation and inspection include inspection and instrumental methods:
- Breast ultrasound to distinguish formation of a solid (fibroadenoma or cancer) from cystic and to study the nature of the inner wall of the cyst capsule;
- Mammography - X-ray examination of mammary glands in two projections, gives information about the size, number and types of education;
- aerocystography provides information on the status of the internal cyst wall;
- aspiration of the cyst contents and histological examination.
In addition, the appointed and laboratory tests: OAK, OAM, blood on hormones and other indicated.
Treatment of breast cysts
Treatment of breast cyst doctor engaged mammolog.
If cysts dimensions do not exceed 20mm, no growths on the capsule inside and histology data cyst content are satisfactory, then such formations are subject to observation.
It is important to identify and neutralize the triggers of the disease and to normalize hormonal balance (avoiding harmful habits, a healthy lifestyle, a balanced diet, taking vitamins and iodine preparations). homeopathic herbal preparations (mastodinon, Remens) are also prescribed.
Surgical treatment is puncture and empty cyst with the introduction of air in its cavity, or sclerosing agents (e.g., alcohol). This manipulation facilitates adhesion cyst wall and formation of a small scar.
By sectoral resection (removal of part of the breast tissue) by resorting indications:
- the presence of multi, multiple cysts;
- Breast cancer history;
- atypical cyst, that is a precancer.
After the operation the patient is in the hospital 7-10 days.
Cyst during pregnancy and lactation
Lactocele detected during pregnancy, does not conceal any danger to women. However, himself during gestation does not affect the growth of cysts. Although the reported cases that breast cyst can be reduced in size and even spontaneously disappear.
The presence of cysts in the breast usually has no effect on lactation and is not a contraindication to breastfeeding. However, consultation of mammalogy and regular monitoring.
Consequences and outlook
Opinion that breast cyst always degenerates into cancer - is not true.
Breast cancer is possible, but the risk of its occurrence is not more than a healthy woman. Much more dangerous festering cysts when it reaches the cavity infection that requires prompt surgical intervention.
You also can not forget about the predisposing factors of breast cysts, which must be removed, otherwise there is not excluded Only recurrent emergence of a new formation, but also hormonal failure throughout the body, which can lead to loss fertility.
The prognosis of breast cyst with adequate and timely treatment favorable.