Sinusitis called inflammation in the area of the maxillary sinus, it can occur acutely or have a chronic course.
Sinusitis occurs in older children and adults, manifesting pain in the maxillary sinuses, accumulation of pus inside of them, and symptoms of intoxication.
Sinusitis usually does not occur in isolation, but in a complex of several inflammation of the sinuses, but it is dominated by symptoms of maxillary. In the process of inflammation in mild cases involved the mucosa, in case of complications inflammation can move to the area of the periosteum and bones.
odontogenic sinusitis
A special case is the so-called penetration odontogenic maxillary sinusitis infection of cavity teeth (usually in the upper jaw). Usually triggered by opportunistic flora of the oral cavity.
When odontogenic sinus infection usually enters
- the development of periodontitis and osteomyelitis maxilla
- with deep lesions of teeth,
- at nagnaivanii cysts in the roots of the teeth,
- a failed dental extractions.
Odontogenic sinusitis flows by type of acute and chronic process, with stages of remission and exacerbation.
purulent sinusitis
Purulent sinusitis - an inflammation of the sinus with the accumulation of pus inside the yellow-green color with an unpleasant odor. Thus pus outflow can be difficult due to swelling of tissues, leading to a dramatic deterioration - there is a high fever with painful and toxemia headaches. When the position of head pain greatly enhanced.
The greatest danger of purulent sinusitis is a breakthrough of pus in the cavity of the eye orbit or cranial region to form intracranial abscesses, periodontitis (inflammation of the periosteum and bone of the skull), diseases of the eye orbit, sepsis.
symptoms of sinusitis
the following symptoms occur in acute maxillary sinusitis:
- a feeling of heaviness in the sinuses,
- pain Expander and pressing nature, sometimes pretending to toothaches,
- increased pain when bending the head forward or when pressing on the area of the upper jaw,
- nasal purulent character, difficult to separate,
- unpleasant odor discharge,
- fever, general malaise with symptoms of toxicity.
When a state of neglect or improper treatment of sinusitis ostorov formed a chronic form of the disease. This is facilitated by the presence of persistent infection in the nasopharynx or a deviated septum. This may only be affected mucosal layer or may be formed polyps and purulent discharge.
The main symptoms of chronic sinusitis are:
- fatigue, constant fatigue,
- frequent headaches pressing nature,
- constant colds,
- violation of smell,
- the absence or the extreme difficulty free nasal breathing, weak effect of vasoconstrictors,
- nasal mucus or purulent character.
- unpleasant smell from the nose.
Diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis
Sinusitis diagnose and treat ENT doctors, the diagnosis is made on the basis of complaints and inspection, as well as carrying out X-ray of the paranasal sinuses. Sometimes with purulent sinusitis held crop discharge from the nose to the flora with the definition of sensitivity to antibiotics.
Home Treatment
The basis of conservative treatment - a broad-spectrum antibiotics, or those who are sensitive to the microflora.
- Typically used penicillins (amoxiclav, amoxicillin), cephalosporins (cephalexin) or macrofoams, zitrolid. It is necessary to drink one or two courses of antibiotics, depending on the severity and condition of the sinuses.
- In addition, the prescribed vasoconstrictive drugs to help remove the swelling in the mucous as well as thinning medication contents sinus (ACC), and drugs that help drain the pus.
- Apply anti-allergic agents (suprastin, tavegil) - they reduce the swelling.
- Applied heat treatments on the area of the sinuses - solljuks lamp, UHF or laser therapy.
- For washing sinuses used in the treatment of sinusitis method "Cuckoo": in one nostril filled with antiseptic solution, and it is pumped from the second soft catheter. That during the procedure the patient is not choking on the fluid, it is necessary to say constantly "ku-ku-ku-ku". When this sound is closed pharyngeal cavity and throat.
sinus puncture
With the ineffectiveness of these measures and violation of pus drainage in complicated sinusitis sinus puncture is shown with washing them with antiseptic solutions, and removing the pus. After washing with sinuses are administered in solutions of antibiotics and proteolytic enzymes that remove the inflammatory tissue and sinus cleansing (trypsin or chymotrypsin). This procedure greatly facilitates the state, since it removes the pressure on the wall of the sinus and pain, eliminates the source of infection.
Sinusitis in pregnancy
Especially dangerous is the development of sinusitis in pregnancy, due to accumulation of pus there is a risk for the woman and the fetus, and the need to quickly eliminate the source of infection.
Antibiotics in pregnancy is restricted and sometimes the only treatment is to sinus puncture pouring into antibacterial solutions for topical application. Parallel to this, a short course prescribed vasoconstrictors. Applicable "cuckoo" and the local irrigation nasal antimicrobial agents.
Prevention of sinusitis
During the summer, the presence of chronic sinusitis is necessary to do hardening and strengthening immunity, reduction of nasal breathing. This is important because sinusitis tends to worsen in the background colds that affect people with reduced immunity. It is necessary to healing of all carious teeth, rinsing the nasal cavity and throat decoctions of herbs (chamomile, sage).
With the ineffectiveness of all these measures shows the operation of the plastic of the nasal septum, opening the maxillary sinus with the removal of the destroyed tissue and polyps, with the washing of the cavities.
Causes
For the development of sinusitis must be penetration of microbes in the area of the maxillary sinus. Typically, this occurs as a result of complications of viral infections.
For the development of chronic sinusitis important factor is the lack of adequate treatment for acute or reduction process immune to infection with the transition sluggish, chronic phase.
Also sinusitis can develop as a result of injury to the nasal cavity with the penetration of infection inside.
Contributing factors to it are hypothermia legs and body, reduced immunity, allergy of the body, a chronic infection in the throat and in other parts of the body.
complications sinusitis
The main complications include destruction of the nasal sinus infection deeper into the transition of the skull - the formation of abscesses, periodontitis, orbit eye diseases, sepsis.
