Epistaxis in early childhood is rare in older - more and more often - during puberty.
In most cases, epistaxis arises from the anterior-inferior part of the nasal septum, called Kisselbaha area. This is due to the fact that the anterior-lower section of the nasal septum differ significantly the development of the vasculature. In addition, it is here that hurt your nose often.
Causes
The main causes of nasal bleeding are:
- blood disease (leukemia, hemophilia and etc.)
- heart disease
- vascular disease
- kidney disease
- liver disease
- nose injury (and including picking your nose, strong blowing your nose)
- tumor
- excitement
- overheating.
Emergency aid for epistaxis
If emergency care is necessary above all to reassure the patient that has a very significant value, as indicated in rough palpitations, and this in turn increases the nasal bleeding. The patient should be put, or give it a semi-sitting position with slightly tilted forward head.
It is not recommended to throw back his head back! This complicates the flow of blood through the veins of the neck, resulting in nosebleeds may increase. In addition, in such a position of the head creates a false impression of reducing the bleeding. In fact, the blood normally flows into the throat, then into the lower respiratory tract, and in case of swallowing can occur hematemesis.
When providing first aid to the patient must be open collar, loosen tight clothing items, provide fresh air (for example, open a window) to get him to breathe deeply, inhaling the nose, exhaling mouth. nose breathing improves blood clotting and halt bleeding. On the bridge of the nose and the nose is necessary to put an ice pack or a cloth soaked in cold water, and the feet - warmer.
To remove ptarmic reflex there is the following method: pressing in the corner between the upper lip and nose. In this reflex persists ptarmic more strong painful sensation in the pressure plot.
No nose drops better not dig, as they may contribute to toshnotno and swallowing movements obviously unwanted in this case, as well as the formation of blood clots. Moreover, instillation of nose drops is dangerous in the sense that the contents of nasal cavities with medicinal fluid penetrates into the auditory tube and may contribute to secondary otitis.
If nasal bleeding continues, a finger can be pressed to the nose wing nasal septum and simultaneously applied to the nose ice pack.
If these measures do not work, then the anterior nasal cavity it is necessary to introduce sterile ball of cotton or gauze moistened with 3% hydrogen peroxide solution and keep it for 10-15 minutes.
If these measures are insufficient, it must call the "first aid" for hospitalization.
Treatment nosebleeds
In the case of long-term continuing epistaxis inpatient carried moxibustion nasal mucosa. For this purpose a variety cauterizing agents: chrome, trichloroacetic acid, lactic acid, silver nitrate, alum, tannic acid, zinc salt; also resorted to galvanokaustike or surgical diathermy. All of these tools are different degrees of depth and cauterization. At the site of cauterization subsequently formed scar.
Recently, when nosebleeds successfully applied ultrasonic disintegration, laser therapy and cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen. Cold exposure can be carried out by one- or two-cycle.
general activities carried out in severe cases. Their goal is to increase blood clotting and narrowing of peripheral vessels. Great importance is attached Medications for antisvertyvayuschey blood system. It is advisable to use a 10% solution of calcium chloride, vitamin K (menadione 0,015 g), rutin, corticosteroids.
In order to stop nasal bleeding can be used oxygen therapy. If you give the oxygen from the oxygen mask to the patient with gentle and uniform his breath, the bleeding stops quickly enough. Apparently, such a measure prevents or eliminates blood stasis, it has a calming effect.
Patient forbid conversation of any kind of movement was reading.
If epistaxis can not stop these activities, it is necessary to resort to the ligation of blood vessels leading to their length. If after ligation of the blood vessel on the one hand the bleeding does not stop, it is necessary to make a dressing with the other hand. In some cases, only such aid measure can prevent death. These activities are carried out in specialized ENT and general surgery departments of hospitals.
If nosebleeds significant, the time should refrain from eating. Do not give hot food and especially drink hot drinks such as strong tea, cocoa, because they can contribute to high blood pressure and increase blood clearance vessels. Recommended foods rich in protein (in view of sensitivity to it): cottage cheese, lightly fried liver, concentrated chicken broth, as well as fresh vegetables, fruits, juices, vitamins.
Forecast
Epistaxis with timely assistance is not fraught with danger. Sometimes, such as high blood pressure, it can reduce blood pressure, preventing a brain hemorrhage. If the bleeding takes a threatening nature, it should be stopped immediately, immediately.
Repeated nosebleeds give reason to suspect the existence of common diseases - renal disease Verlgofa disease, leukemia, cirrhosis of the liver, Hemophilia - and require a thorough examination.
