1 What is enterobiosis?

Who does not know what is enterobiosis? This disease is very many years. The prevalence of it is such that it is sick of the order of a billion people on the whole Earth. More often than in adults, infection occurs in children from 4 to 9 years. The culprit of this disease is the parasites that settle in the human body and make it a medium of permanent residence. Such a parasite with enterobiasis is pinworm.

Why take the scraping? Helminths are the so-called worms-parasites that cause helminthiasis. It is in order to reveal its presence, and they give a similar smear to enterobiosis. One of the types of helminthiosis is enterobiosis, the causative agent of which are parasitizing worms in the body - pinworms( they are also eggs of worms).Pinworm got its name because of the features of the structure - the tail end of the female pinworm has a pointed shape. These are small, white-colored oviparous worms with a rather high survival rate in an open environment( 25 days in the air), are resistant to its effects and various disinfectants. Survival of eggs in tap water is three weeks, so they can not be excluded from food and drinking water.

2 How do they get infected with parasites?

Infected always from another carrier of enterobiasis, which spreads the pathogen, leaving the eggs of parasites on common objects: towels, door handles, sofas. Upon contact with such things, eggs fall on the body of a healthy person. Once in the body, they mature and finally infect it.

The transfer of eggs is possible through various insects, dirt and dust. It is necessary to forbid children to lick their dirty hands.

When should I be alerted? Mindfulness should be shown with such signals as bad sleep of the child at night, frequent scratching of the crotch area. This is due to the fact that the activity of pinworms occurs mainly at night: they crawl out of the anus and put eggs in the area of ​​perianal folds.

After six hours a ripe larva appears from the egg, which causes a feeling of extreme discomfort in the early hours of the morning. After a lapse of two weeks, it turns into an adult, settling in the intestines and sucking to its walls. Usually at this moment and there are pains in the abdomen. If a child begins to complain of pain, itching and sleep disturbances, the child should be urgently examined. In other words, to pass scraping to enterobiosis.

Infection from a domestic enterobiosis can not occur because helminths parasitize only within a person. A person can not be infected with a domestic animal.

3 What is the symptomatology of the disease?

In a person newly infected, any signs may not be observed at all. For this reason, the patient may not even suspect the presence of helminths. But at the same time a slight itch in the evening before going to sleep a person can still feel. With moderate to severe infection, the following symptoms are noted:

• is an intolerable feeling of itching in the anal region;
• diarrhea;
• pain in the anal region;
• allergic manifestations;
• nausea with vomiting;
• abdominal tenderness;
• dizziness or headache;
• a breakdown;
• bloating;
• eggs ascaris on bed or underwear.

In children, however, manifestations of enterobiasis are minimized, can be detected only in a random order on preventive reception.

Therefore, if you have any signs of yourself or a child from this list, you should understand that you need an analysis on enterobiasis: how to take it, read on.

4 How is the analysis done?

After finding signs and deciding to seek medical help, you should take action. And then there are questions: how do they take scrapings or how do such analyzes for helminths, where to turn for this purpose?

You can pass the scraping to enterobiosis free at the state polyclinic, in the treatment room. In a private medical institution, such a study is done on a fee basis.

On the passage of the analysis of enterobiasis, the doctor writes out the direction with instructions to appear on the procedure in the early morning hours. Before this, it is forbidden to urinate and defecate, take a shower, perform any water procedures on the genitals.

Before collecting the material for analysis, any microtraumas of the skin in the perianal region should be cured.

The study on enterobiosis is carried out according to one of three existing methods:

• blood delivery;
• stool analysis;
• delivery of scraping to enterobiosis.

5 Study of stool

This version of the analysis is well known, probably to every person. After all, it is shown under different circumstances.

The procedure is quite simple. The task here is to collect the material for analysis from three different zones of stool mass( from the sides, from the thickness, from above).To obtain the most accurate result, the collected biomaterial should be delivered to the laboratory in the near future.

Stool analysis is not among the highly reliable diagnostics that allow finding parasites in the body. And all for the reason that the research is based on the detection of ascarid eggs. For example, if the feces were collected when the parasites had already grown into adults, but the eggs had not yet been put off. There are parasites, but the transcript shows a negative answer. Such a result is considered to be false-negative. There are parasites, but the analysis does not reveal them.

Note: Detected adult specimens are seized and placed in a 75% alcohol solution, which is also sent for examination.

6 Blood test

The study of blood for the presence of parasites is also considered quite often the designated type of analysis because of its excellent efficacy.

Blood for analysis is taken from the finger. Then the composition of the blood is studied and analyzed its changes, caused by the vital activity of parasitic worms. The blood test is carried out for anemia and eosinophilia.

With eosinophilia, there is an increased content of blood cells( eosinophils).The normal value is 0-5%.The increase in the number of these cells is due to the action of those substances that parasites leave inside themselves.

In anemia, the concentration of hemoglobin and erythrocytes in the blood is reduced. Anemia occurs with severe course of enterobiasis.

Scraping for enterobiasis is recognized as the most effective method of detecting the disease and the easiest to perform.

Female pinworms lay eggs at night on the near-anoral zone, for which it comes out. In this case, it produces a sticky liquid. It makes you scratch the affected areas. Soskob is taken early in the morning before excrement. The method involves collecting a portion of the biomaterial from a given area and sending it to a laboratory for research. Soskob can be taken in one of several ways:

• with adhesive tape;
• with cotton swabs.

7 Performing a smear

The procedure requires a cotton swab, a sealed container and glycerin. Take a solution of glycerin( should be viscous and transparent).Dip the stick in it so that the fleece is slightly moistened, but it would not become too wet. Spreading the buttocks, gently carry a cotton swab on the folds near the perianal opening. Next, the stick is placed in a container( bottles, test tube) and covered with a dense lid.

When using containers taken at home( for example, a mayonnaise jar), you should prepare them beforehand, necessarily rinsing and boiling.

After giving the material to the laboratory for the study, wait about one day to find out the results of the analysis. Decoding of the lab assistant's record is not difficult to do it yourself. Eggs found - positive result, not found - negative.

The second way is to take biomaterial by sticky tape.

It is assumed that there is a standard scotch, scissors and a glass strip.

Take a standard scotch tape with a tape width of at least 2 centimeters. For the procedure will need a small segment, equal to 4-6 cm slowly apply a piece of tape to the anal opening. With the same unhurried detach it from the anus and glue it to the glass strip.

Further this strip of glass with glued tape is taken to the laboratory.

The biomaterial collected in this way may be stored in the refrigerator, but not in the freezer compartment. To obtain a more reliable result, it is better to include a smear in honey.establishment on the same day in which the take took place.

If at home there are no such handy tools for performing the necessary manipulations, then scraping can be done in a polyclinic by a nurse. The finished test result for eggs of worms is valid for no more than 10 days.

From the application of this method( with adhesive tape) it is worth to refrain those who have damage to the integrity of the skin in the near-anoral zone.

8 How often should the

be diagnosed? Because it is important for the accuracy of the test to perform the procedure during the egg laying period( which is not always possible with the initial analysis), a second scrap is given. For example, the primary result was obtained when the eggs were absent( when they could be), then when the study is repeated, the possibility of obtaining an erroneous result already becomes much less.

The statistics are such that it indicates only 50% of the correct diagnoses when taking the primary scrapings, 90% guarantees a third analysis, 99% accuracy is guaranteed at the fifth examination.

If you need a 100% result, you will have to be patient and pass a five-time study.

If you have suspicious symptoms, you should be vigilant about your own health, for which the first thing to do is to take appropriate tests for enterobiasis.

Prevention of enterobiosis involves the implementation of banal hygiene requirements( washing hands before meals, including).It is also important to monitor the cleanliness of bed and underwear in yourself and the baby. Such measures are an ideal tool that will protect against the spread of such diseases in the family.

9 How is enterobiosis treated?

Usually, this disease is treated with medication. The doctor prescribes special preparations for this. Entered medicinal substances affect the body of worms, weakening them, provoke the withdrawal into the external environment.

In most situations, getting rid of people( especially children) from parasites occurs already during the first course of treatment with medicines. However, for another 4-5 days the disease continues to persist. Therefore, it is worth taking the pill a second time after a few weeks from the first treatment. However, indispensable indications for treatment are the tests that have been passed, which make it possible to convince the doctor that the treatment will be selected correctly and according to the existing disease. Preparations that are taken to remove helminths, affect the metabolic processes in the body of adults and in the egg. Under their influence, the muscular system of parasites weakens, thereby reducing the suction capacity. As a result, the pinworms come out of the body.

It is recommended to perform tests for enterobiasis even if they consider themselves healthy people at least once a year. After all, it is completely unknown what is inside? These parasites are so adjusted that they can give out their presence for other diseases.