Failure menstruatsionnogo cycle. Causes of the norm, the duration of the regulation phase and how to recover. Treatment in Gynecology

Menstruation is a complex physiological process, accompanied by periodic changes in the body. About menstruatsionnom cycle and the reasons for its failure, it is imperative to know, since it was he who helps calculate a favorable period for conceiving a child or vice versa to protect themselves from unwanted pregnancy.

What is the menstrual cycle and its norm

Menstruatsionny cycle - a process that prepares a woman for pregnancy. This period, which runs from the first day of discharge and ends the day before the next menstruation. Measured this time period in calendar days. All the girls, except for pregnant women and nursing mothers, menstruatsionny cycle is repeated every month.

Physiological cycle consists of the following phases:

1. Menstruation - vaginal (4-6 days).
2. follicular phase. It lasts for 2 weeks, along with menstruation. This forms the follicle required for oocyte maturation.
3. Premenstrual phase. The duration ranges from 13 to 15 days. When the fertilized egg pregnancy occurs, otherwise - the normal menstrual cycle. The majority of women in this phase there is premenstrual syndrome.

Duration menstruatsionnogo cycle is 20-45 days. Average duration - 28 days. Every girl is different cycle, it may not change a lifetime, and can vary, which is not an anomaly.

Duration menstruatsionnogo cycle changes as follows:

• In adolescents, the cycle is 40 days. After some time it is set.
• In 25-35 years the cycle more regular and is 21-35 days.
• With 40 years the cycle is shortened and becomes regular. Monthly lengthen and become unpredictable.

The cycle of less than 20 days and more than 45 days - a sign of pathology, in which you want to apply to the medical institution. Yet it may be such pathology as amenorrhea - absence of menstruation for more than 90 days.

How to calculate menstruatsionny cycle?

Calculate menstruatsionny cycle may each independently woman. To do this, you need to keep a special calendar of menstruation and within half a year to celebrate it the first day of menstruation.

Example: Menstruation began on March 1, and the next - on 29 March. Calculation: 29-1 = 28. That is, the cycle is 28 days. If within 6 months of cycles have been uneven in duration, it is necessary to calculate its average value.

For example, women were the following cycle parameters:

• March - 29 days;
• April - 30 days;
• May - 28 days;
• June - 27 days;
• July - 30 days;
• August - 29 days.

days Amount: 29 + 30 + 28 + 27 + 30 + 29 = 173. Further it is necessary to divide the resulting number by 6 (number of months taken period): 173/6 = 29 days.

signs of violations

Violation menstruatsionnogo cycle is determined by the following symptoms:

• change cycle duration (very short - up to 21 days or longer - more than 35 days);
• a few days delay;
• no onset of menstruation for more than 6 months (amenorrhea);
• copious or very scarce;
• monthly change in the duration up or down;
• present spotting between periods;
• critical days are accompanied by severe pain;
• common symptoms monthly passage (headache, malaise, low or high blood pressure, change in appetite).

Reasons menstruatsionnogo cycle crash

Failure menstruatsionnogo cycle, the causes of which are dependent on many factors, occur at any age. This problem may occur after trauma, hormonal failure at or from a particular disease.

The following causes of menstrual dysfunction:

1. Pathological (the presence of different diseases):

• failure of the ovaries work;
• dysfunction of the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus;
• malignant tumor;
• liver disease or adrenal glands;
• problems with blood clotting;
• uterine disease;
  
• the effects of surgery on the ovaries or uterus;
• mental disorders (schizophrenia, reactive psychosis);
• genetic disease;
• genital infections (gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis).

2. Physiological (external factors):

• work with harmful substances;
• change in habitat (climate change);
• emotional shock (stress);
• smoking, alcohol and narcotic drugs;
• poor nutrition (diet).

3. medication:

• administration of drugs, leading to dysfunction of the pituitary and hypothalamus (reserpine, antidepressants, metoclopramide);
• pills to suppress lactation, causing hormonal failure.

Teenage years

Adolescents menstruatsionny cycle is formed to 2 years. In this period of time the body are hormonal changes that are affected by some diseases, as well as external factors. Therefore, in the years vozraste12-13 cycle failures occur.

Deviations menstruatsionnogo cycle in adolescents can occur for the following reasons:

• malnutrition. Grueling diet, junk food, fast food meals lead to failure of the cycle. Organism adolescents are actively growing and developing. For normal development of internal organs and physiological processes work needed vitamins and minerals rich diet.
• Physical exercise. When intense exercise accelerates the process of burning calories, which leads to a deficiency of nutrients. In order to prevent violations of the cycle, it is necessary to stop training for a week before menstruation and during them.
  
• psychological disorders. Stressful situations at odds with friends, influence the formation of the cycle. To solve such problems should consult a psychologist and a gynecologist.
• hormonal changes. This occurs when excess hormones in the body. In this case, the girl's present pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, fainting and nausea.
• External factors. Irregular cycles can cause climate change, environmental insults.

Treatment should be carried out under strict supervision of a specialist after identifying the exact cause.

weight problems

Excess weight can be a reason for hormonal changes. With an excess of adipose tissue increases estrogen production, which leads to failure menstruatsionnoy function. At the same monthly fairly infrequent and usually very painful and plentiful. For the regulation of the cycle it is necessary to normalize the weight.

Grueling diet, malnutrition, and dramatic weight loss led to menstruatsionnoy dysfunction.

This is due to deficiency of nutrients resulting in malfunction of metabolism. Due to the lack of fat is broken synthesis of hormones (estrogens), the cycle becomes irregular periods may even stop.

Acclimatization

Failure menstruatsionnogo cycle, the causes of which may result from climate change, caused by fluctuations in hormones. The expressive stress caused by long-term flight, change time zones, the temperature differences and humidity, the more the modified hormones.

Failure cycle due to acclimatization - a temporary phenomenon. The body adapts to the new conditions of life for a month, after which the normal menstrual cycle.

Hormonal disbalance

One of the difficult situations where the cause of the failure cycle are hormonal disorders. This may occur when the dysfunction of the endocrine system of women. With insufficient amount of estrogen increases the first part of the cycle duration, i.e. the dominant follicle can not stand out from the antral.

When excess testosterone dominant follicle wall becomes thicker and the egg can not get out of it, thereby forming a follicular cyst. When a small amount of progesterone decreases the second part of the cycle duration, which leads to frequent menses.

Stress

Failure menstruatsionnogo cycle, the causes of which are caused by stressful situations, depending on the severity of the test load and its consequences. This leads to delay menses from 7 to 60 days.

The basis for menstrual dysfunction are emotional conflicts in a team at work, family problems, lack of sleep, nervous shock caused by the tragic accident. After eliminating the effects of stress normal cycle.

Diseases and hormonal contraceptives

Failure menstruatsionnogo cycle occurs in the presence of various diseases of reproductive organs. The main ones are inflammation of the uterus and appendages, as well as cervical abnormality and neoplasms. All these diseases are treated surgically.

When receiving hormonal contraceptives or sudden termination of their reception cycle dysfunction occurs. To solve this problem, it is recommended to consult a doctor.

Pregnancy, lactation

A frequent cause of failure menstruatsionnogo cycle is pregnancy. Thus changing the taste and smell, appetite, nausea and pain in the breasts.

It is not necessary to exclude pregnancy, even if she is prevented, since no birth control is not 100% guarantee.

Violation of the cycle while breastfeeding is the norm. After the birth of the girls vigorously produces the hormone prolactin, which causes the appearance of milk. The vast runningaway ovarian hormones to stimulate egg maturation. After the cessation of breastfeeding normal cycle.

Premenopausal period and abortions

After 40 years of failure cycle is not considered a deviation. In this period there is a gradual fading of the function of reproduction, reduced ovarian activity, irregular menses. These events signal the onset of menopause.

Post-abortion occurs cycle crash. So the body reacts to external interference in its work. If the procedure was successful without any complications, the menstruatsionny cycle automatically recover, and the selection will appear in a month. If menses do not occur within 30 days, you must apply to the hospital and examined to determine the cause of the violation.

other causes

menstrual dysfunction may become a basis for children viral diseases (chicken pox, rubella). The symptoms of these disorders are manifested at the beginning of puberty, with the result that it is impossible to diagnose in time and make prevention.

The real causes of deviations may reveal only a specialist. Sometimes malfunction cycle due to several reasons, making it difficult for the disease.

When to see a doctor?

As a result, the cycle of dysfunction can seriously shake the state of health, so it is advisable to consult a doctor if:

• 15 years of menstruation has not started yet;
• irregular cycle of 2 years after the beginning of the month;
• menstruation lasts less than 3 days and allocating scarce;
• in the middle of the cycle, pain;
  
• cycle disorders are systematic;
• copious (hormonal failure symptom);
• before menstruation and after are of bleeding for a long time.

Diagnostics

The following methods are used to diagnose malfunction cycle:

• general examination (height, weight, hair on the face and the body, blood pressure, pulse);
• pelvic external examination (palpation determined when the size and shape of the uterus, the condition of the ovaries, cervix);
• study of vaginal discharge;
• blood analysis;
• Abdominal ultrasound;
• endometrium biopsy (to eliminate cancers);
• hormonal examination;
• psychological counseling.

Treatment

Failure menstruatsionnogo cycle, the causes of which can be varied, it is treated by conservative and surgical methods.

Conservative (non-surgical) method:

• treatment of the disease, which has become a cause of failure;
• recovery cycle hormonal preparations;
• restorative treatment (balanced food intake of vitamin complexes);
• reduction of physical activity;
• treatment of anemia.

Surgical technique is to scraping the uterine endometrium. This treatment is carried out with strong discharges, not verifiable.

Medications for the regulation loop

Preparations for the regulation menstruatsionnoy functions are divided into the following categories:

• hormones;
• homeopathic agents;
• gemostatiki (drugs to increase blood clotting);
  
• vitamin complexes;
• uterotonics (means for increasing the muscle tone intimate);
• sedatives;
• antispasmodics.

When restoring the cycle can be assigned to multiple drugs, the choice of which depends on the stage and the reasons for failure, as well as related diseases.

hormonal treatments

The following drugs are used for the regulation of menstruatsionnogo cycle:

drug Name	testimony	Act
Duphaston	Progesterone Deficiency, uterine bleeding, endometriosis, menstrual irregularity occurrence.	Normalizes the production of progesterone, the reproductive system restore processes, and maintains the level of hormones.
Cyclodynon	Premenstrual syndrome, failure menstruatsionnogo cycle caused by the failure of the corpus luteum, swelling and pain in the chest.	Reduces the level of the hormone prolactin, relieves pain in the breast.
utrozhestan	Benign tumors, infertility, endometrial proliferation, prevention of preterm birth.	It normalizes the level of progesterone in the blood thereby reducing the toxic products of metabolism and excretion of nitrogen in urine.
Kliogest	estrogen deficiency, prevention of osteoporosis.	It normalizes the menstrual function and stop uterine bleeding. It contributes to the normal development of the fallopian tubes, eliminating the pronounced symptoms of menopause.

Folk remedies

Normalize menstruatsionny cycle can use the following folk remedies:

1. Bay leaves (15 g) pour boiling water (400 ml) and boil for about 5 minutes. Let stand 3 hr. Take 0.25 art. before eating.
2. Oregano, sage, linden brewed as a tea and take.
3. Wormwood (1 tbsp. l.) pour boiling water (3 tbsp.) and let stand 4 hour. Drink 0.25 art. 4 times a day.
4. Parsley should be added to any dish. Also can be brewed and drunk as a tea.

possible complications

The following complications can arise during untimely treatment menstruatsionnogo cycle fails:

• anemia (due to loss of blood);
  
• infertility;
• chronic pain in the pelvic area;
• ectopic pregnancy;
• pelvic adhesions;
• bleeding.

Prevention of failures

For the prevention of disruption of menstrual function should follow some guidelines:

• visit the gynecologist (1 every 6 months);
• timely treatment of diseases of the endocrine glands;
• observe a balanced diet;
• eliminate the psychological burden;
• avoid stressful situations;
• do sport;
• contain genitals clean.

At the slightest violation menstruatsionnogo cycle can be due to various factors, you must immediately contact a specialist for early treatment and prevention complications.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

Video failure of the menstrual cycle

9 reasons for the failure of the menstrual cycle: